AT89C51AC2

Features • Protocol – UART Used as a Physical Layer – Based on the Intel Hex-type Records – Autobaud • In-System Programming – Read/Write Flash and EEPROM Memories – Read Device ID – Full-chip Erase – Read/Write Configuration Bytes – Security Setting From ISP Command – Remote Application Start Command • In-Application Programming/Self-Programming – Read/Write Flash and EEPROM Memories – Read Device ID – Block Erase – Read/Write Configuration Bytes – Bootloader Start 80C51 Microcontrollers Description This document describes the UART bootloader functionalities as well as the serial protocol to efficiently perform operations on the on chip Flash (EEPROM) memories. Additional information on the A/T89C51AC2 product can be found in the A/T89C51AC2 datasheet and the A/T89C51AC2 errata sheet available on the Atmel web site, www.atmel.com. The bootloader software package (source code and binary) currently used for production is also available from the Atmel web site. AT89C51AC2 T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader Bootloader Revision Revision 1.2.0 Revisions 1.4.0 and higher Purpose of Modifications First release New command supported - EEPROM access - Start application - Extra Byte access - 128 bytes page Flash programming - New boot process Date 23/04/2001 02/11/2001 Rev. 4231C–CAN–03/05 1 Functional Description In-System Programming Capability The A/T89C51AC2 Bootloader facilitates In-System Programming and In-Application Programming. In-System Programming (ISP) allows the user to program or reprogram a microcontroller’s on-chip Flash memory without removing it from the system and without the need of a pre-programmed application. The UART bootloader can manage a communication with a host through the serial network. It can also access and perform requested operations on the on-chip Flash memory. In-Application Programming or Selfprogramming Capability In-Application Programming (IAP) allows the reprogramming of the microcontroller onchip Flash memory without removing it from the system and while the embedded application is running. The UART bootloader contains some Application Programming Interface routines named API routines allowing IAP by using the user’s firmware. Block Diagram This section describes the different parts of the bootloader. The figure below shows the on-chip bootloader and IAP processes. Figure 1. Bootloader Process Description On-chip User Application External Host Via the UART Protocol Communication ISP Communication Management IAP User Call Management Flash Memory Management Flash Memory 2 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader 4231C–CAN–03/05 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader ISP Communication Management The purpose of this process is to manage the communication and its protocol between the on-chip bootloader and an external device (host). The on-chip bootloader implements a Serial protocol (see Section “Protocol”, page 9). This process translates serial communication frames (UART) into Flash memory accesses (read, write, erase...). Several Application Program Interface (API) calls are available to the application program to selectively erase and program Flash pages. All calls are made through a common interface (API calls) included in the bootloader. The purpose of this process is to translate the application request into internal Flash memory operations. This process manages low level access to the Flash memory (performs read and write accesses). User Call Management Flash Memory Management Bootloader Configuration Configuration and Manufacturer Information The following table lists Configuration and Manufacturer byte information used by the bootloader. This information can be accessed through a set of API or ISP commands. Mnemonic BSB SBV SSB EB Manufacturer ID1: Family Code ID2: Product Name ID3: Product Revision Description Boot Status Byte Software Boot Vector Software Security Byte Extra Byte Default Value FFh FCh FFh FFh 58h D7h BBh FFh 3 4231C–CAN–03/05 Mapping and Default Value of Hardware Security Byte The 4 Most Significant Byte (MSB) of the Hardware Byte can be read/written by software (this area is called Fuse bits). The 4 Least Significant Byte (LSB) can only be read by software and written by hardware in parallel mode (with parallel programmer devices). Bit Position 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Mnemonic X2B BLJB Reserved Reserved Reserved LB2 LB1 LB0 Default Value Description U P U U U P U U To lock the chip (see datasheet) To start in x1 mode To map the boot area in code area between F800h-FFFFh Note: U: Unprogram = 1 P: Program = 0 Security The bootloader has Software Security Byte (SSB) to protect itself from user access or ISP access. The Software Security Byte (SSB) protects from ISP accesses. The command ’Program Software Security Bit’ can only write a higher priority level. There are three levels of security: • level 0: NO_SECURITY (FFh) This is the default level. From level 0, one can write level 1 or level 2. level 1: WRITE_SECURITY (FEh) In this level it is impossible to write in the Flash memory, BSB and SBV. The Bootloader returns an error message. From level 1, one can write only level 2. level 2: RD_WR_SECURITY (FCh) Level 2 forbids all read and write accesses to/from the Flash memory. The Bootloader returns an error message. • • Only a full chip erase command can reset the software security bits. Level 0 Flash/EEPROM Fuse bit BSB & SBV & EB SSB Manufacturer info Bootloader info Erase block Full chip erase Blank Check Any access allowed Any access allowed Any access allowed Any access allowed Read only access allowed Read only access allowed Allowed Allowed Allowed Level 1 Read only access allowed Read only access allowed Read only access allowed Write level2 allowed Read only access allowed Read only access allowed Not allowed Allowed Allowed Level 2 All access not allowed All access not allowed All access not allowed Read only access allowed Read only access allowed Read only access allowed Not allowed Allowed Allowed 4 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader 4231C–CAN–03/05 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader Software Boot Vector The Software Boot Vector (SBV) forces the execution of a user bootloader starting at address [SBV]00h in the application area (FM0). The way to start this user bootloader is described in the section “Boot Process”. Figure 2. Software Boot Vector UART Bootloader User Bootloader Application [SBV]00h FM1 FM0 FLIP Software Program FLIP is a PC software program running under Windows® 9x//2000/XP, Windows NT® and LINUX® that supports all Atmel Flash microcontroller. This fsoftware program is available free of charge from the Atmel web site. 5 4231C–CAN–03/05 In-System Programming The ISP allows the user to program or reprogram a microcontroller’s on-chip Flash memory through the serial line without removing it from the system and without the need of a pre-programmed application. This section describes how to start the UART bootloader and the higher level protocols over the serial line. Boot Process The bootloader can be activated in two ways: • • Hardware condition Regular boot process Hardware Condition The Hardware Conditions (EA = 1, PSEN = 0) during the RESET falling edge force the on-chip bootloader execution. In this way the bootloader can be carried out whatever the user Flash memory content. As PSEN is an output port in normal operating mode (running user application or bootloader code) after reset, it is recommended to release PSEN after falling edge of reset signal. The hardware conditions are sampled at reset signal falling edge, thus they can be released at any time when reset input is low. 6 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader 4231C–CAN–03/05 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader Figure 3. Regular Boot Process RESET Bit ENBOOT in AUXR1 Register is Initialized with BLJB Inverted ENBOOT = 1 PC = F800h FCON = 00h Hardware Boot Process Hardware Condition No ENBOOT = 0 PC = 0000h Yes Yes BLJB = 1 ENBOOT = 1 PC = F800h FCON = 0Fh No FCON = 00h Yes Software Boot Process No SBV < F8h No Yes Start Application Start User Bootloader Start Bootloader 7 4231C–CAN–03/05 Physical Layer The UART used to transmit information has the following configuration: • • • • • Character: 8-bit data Parity: none Stop: 2 bit Flow control: none Baud rate: autobaud is performed by the bootloader to compute the baud rate chosen by the host. Frame Description The Serial Protocol is based on the Intel Hex-type records. Intel Hex records consist of ASCII characters used to represent hexadecimal values and are summarized below. Table 1. Intel Hex Type Frame Record Mark ‘:’ 1 byte Record length 1 byte Load Offset 2 bytes Record Type 1 bytes Data or Info n byte Checksum 1 byte • • Record Mark: – – Record Mark is the start of frame. This field must contain ’:’. Record length specifies the number of Bytes of information or data which follows the Record Type field of the record. Load Offset specifies the 16-bit starting load offset of the data Bytes, therefore this field is used only for Data Program Record. Record Type specifies the command type. This field is used to interpret the remaining information within the frame. Data/Info is a variable length field. It consists of zero or more Bytes encoded as pairs of hexadecimal digits. The meaning of data depends on the Record Type. The two’s complement of the 8-bit Bytes that result from converting each pair of ASCII hexadecimal digits to one Byte of binary, and including the Record Length field to and including the last Byte of the Data/Info field. Therefore, the sum of all the ASCII pairs in a record after converting to binary, from the Record Length field to and including the Checksum field, is zero. Record length: • Load Offset: – • Record Type: – • Data/Info: – • Checksum: – 8 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader 4231C–CAN–03/05 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader Protocol Overview An initialization step must be performed after each Reset. After microcontroller reset, t h e bo o t l o a d e r w a i t s f o r a n a u t o b a ud s e q ue n c e ( s e e S e c t i o n “ A u to b a u d Performances”). When the communication is initialized the protocol depends on the record type issued by the host. Communication Initialization The host initiates the communication by sending a ’U’ character to help the bootloader to compute the baudrate (autobaud). Figure 4. Initialization Host Init Communication ’U’ Bootloader Performs Autobaud Sends Back ‘U’ Character If (not received ’U’) Else Communication Opened ’U’ Autobaud Performances The bootloader supports a wide range of baud rates. It is also adaptable to a wide range of oscillator frequencies. This is accomplished by measuring the bit-time of a single bit in a received character. This information is then used to program the baud rate in terms of timer counts based on the oscillator frequency. Table 2 shows the autobaud capabilities. Table 2. Autobaud Performances Frequency (MHz) Baudrate (kHz) 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 Frequency (MHz) Baudrate (kHz) 2400 4800 9600 19200 8 OK OK OK OK 10 OK OK OK OK 11.059 2 OK OK OK OK 12 OK OK OK OK 14.746 OK OK OK OK 16 OK OK OK OK 20 OK OK OK OK 24 OK OK OK OK 26.6 OK OK OK OK 1.8432 OK OK OK OK 2 OK 2.4576 OK OK OK OK OK 3 OK OK OK OK 3.6864 OK OK OK OK OK OK 4 OK OK OK 5 OK OK OK OK 6 OK OK OK OK OK 7.3728 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK 9 4231C–CAN–03/05 Frequency (MHz) Baudrate (kHz) 38400 57600 115200 8 10 11.059 2 OK OK OK 12 OK 14.746 OK OK OK 16 OK OK 20 OK OK 24 OK OK 26.6 OK OK - Command Data Stream Protocol Figure 5. Command Flow Host All commands are sent using the same flow. Each frame sent by the host is echoed by the bootloader. Bootloader ’:’ ’:’ If (not received ’:’) Else Sends echo and start reception Sends first character of the Frame Sends frame (made of 2 ASCII characters per Byte) Echo analysis Gets frame, and sends back echo for each received Byte 10 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader 4231C–CAN–03/05 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader Programming the Flash or EEPROM Data The flow described below shows how to program data in the Flash memory or in the EEPROM data memory. The bootloader programs on a page of 128 bytes basis when it is possible. The host must take care that: • Requests from Host Command Name Program Flash Program EEPROM Data Record Type 00h 07h Load Offset start address start address Record Length nb of Data nb of Data Data[0] x x ... ... ... Data[127] x x The data to program transmitted within a frame are in the same page. Answers from Bootloader The bootloader answers with: • • • ‘.’ & ‘CR’ & ’LF’ when the data are programmed ‘X’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the checksum is wrong ‘P’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the Security is set Flow Description Host Send Write Command Bootloader Write Command Wait Write Command OR Wait Checksum Error COMMAND ABORTED Checksum error ’X’ & CR & LF Send Checksum error NO_SECURITY OR Wait Security Error COMMAND ABORTED ’P’ & CR & LF Send Security error Wait Programming Wait COMMAND_OK COMMAND FINISHED ’.’ & CR & LF Send COMMAND_OK Example Programming Data (write 55h at address 0010h in the Flash) HOST BOOTLOADER : 01 0010 00 55 9A : 01 0010 00 55 9A . CR LF 11 4231C–CAN–03/05 Read the Flash or EEPROM Data The flow described below allows the user to read data in the Flash memory or in the EEPROM data memory. A blank check command is possible with this flow. The device splits into blocks of 16 bytes the data to transfer to the Host if the number of data to display is greater than 16 data bytes. Requests from Host Command Name Read Flash Blank check on Flash Read EEPROM Data 04h x 05h start address end Address Record Type Record Load Offset Length Data[0] Data[1] Data[2] Data[3] Data[4] 00h 01h 02h Note: The field “Load offset” is not used. Answers from Bootloader The bootloader answers to a read Flash or EEPROM Data memory command: • • • • • • • ‘Address = data ‘ & ‘CR’ & ’LF’ up to 16 data by line. ‘X’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the checksum is wrong ‘L’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the Security is set ‘.’ & ‘CR’ & ’LF’ when the blank check is ok ‘First Address wrong’ ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ when the blank check is fail ‘X’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the checksum is wrong ‘P’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the Security is set The bootloader answers to blank check command: 12 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader 4231C–CAN–03/05 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader Flow Description: Blank Check Command Host Send Blank Check Command Bootloader Blank Check Command Wait Blank Check Command OR Wait Checksum Error COMMAND ABORTED Checksum error ’X’ & CR & LF Send Checksum error Flash blank OR Wait COMMAND_OK COMMAND FINISHED ’.’ & CR & LF Send COMMAND_OK Wait Address not erased COMMAND FINISHED address & CR & LF Send first Address not erased Example Blank Check ok HOST BOOTLOADER : 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 78 : 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 78 . CR LF Blank Check ok at address xxxx HOST BOOTLOADER : 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 78 : 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 78 xxxx CR LF Blank Check with checksum error HOST BOOTLOADER : 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 70 : 05 0000 04 0000 7FFF 01 70 X CR LF CR LF 13 4231C–CAN–03/05 Flow Description: Read Command Host Send Display Command Bootloader Display Command Wait Display Command OR Wait Checksum Error COMMAND ABORTED Checksum Error ’X’ & CR & LF Send Checksum Error RD_WR_SECURITY OR Wait Security Error COMMAND ABORTED ’L’ & CR & LF Send Security Error Read Data All Data Read Complete Frame Wait Display Data ’Address = ’ ’Reading value’ CR & LF Send Display Data All Data Read All Data Read COMMAND FINISHED COMMAND FINISHED Example Display data from address 0000h to 0020h HOST BOOTLOADER BOOTLOADER BOOTLOADER BOOTLOADER : 05 0000 04 0000 0020 00 D7 : 05 0000 04 0000 0020 00 D7 0000=-----data------ CR LF 0010=-----data------ CR LF 0020=data CR LF (16 data) (16 data) ( 1 data) 14 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader 4231C–CAN–03/05 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader Program Configuration Information The flow described below allows the user to program Configuration Information regarding the bootloader functionality. The Boot Process Configuration: – – – – – Requests from Host Command Name Erase SBV & BSB Program SSB level1 02h Program SSB level2 Program BSB 03h Program SBV Program EB Program bit BLJB 03h Program bit X2 0Ah 08h x 03h 06h 01h 06h 04h bit value value 05h 01h 00h Record Type Load Offset Record Length 02h Data[0] 04h Data[1] 00h 00h Data[2] - BSB SBV Fuse bits (BLJB and X2 bits) (see Section “Mapping and Default Value of Hardware Security Byte”) SSB EB Note: 1. The field “Load Offset” is not used 2. To program the BLJB and X2 bit the “bit value” is 00h or 01h. Answers from Bootloader The bootloader answers with: • • • ‘.’ & ‘CR’ & ’LF’ when the value is programmed. ‘X’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the checksum is wrong. ‘P’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the Security is set. 15 4231C–CAN–03/05 Flow Description Host Send Write Command Bootloader Write Command Wait Write Command OR Wait Checksum Error COMMAND ABORTED Checksum Error ’X’ & CR & LF Send Checksum Error NO_SECURITY OR Wait Security Error COMMAND ABORTED ’P’ & CR & LF Send Security error Wait Programming Wait COMMAND_OK COMMAND FINISHED ’.’ & CR & LF Send COMMAND_OK Program Configuration Example Programming Atmel function (write SSB to level 2) HOST BOOTLOADER : 02 0000 03 05 01 F5 : 02 0000 03 05 01 F5. CR LF Writing Frame (write BSB to 55h) HOST BOOTLOADER : 03 0000 03 06 00 55 9F : 03 0000 03 06 00 55 9F . CR LF 16 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader 4231C–CAN–03/05 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader Read Configuration Information or Manufacturer Information Requests from Host Command Name Read Manufacturer Code Read Family Code 00h Read Product Name Read Product Revision Read SSB Read BSB 05h Read SBV Read EB Read HSB (Fuse bit) Read Device ID1 0Eh Read Device ID2 Read Bootloader version 0Fh 01h 00h 0Bh x 02h 07h 02h 06h 00h 00h 02h 03h 00h 01h Record Type Load Offset Record Length Data[0] Data[1] 00h 01h The flow described below allows the user to read the configuration or manufacturer information. Note: The field “Load Offset” is not used Answers from Bootloader The bootloader answers with: • • • ‘value’ & ‘.’ & ‘CR’ & ’LF’ when the value is programmed ‘X’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the checksum is wrong ‘P’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the Security is set Flow Description Host Send Read Command Bootloader Read Command Wait Read Command OR Wait Checksum Error COMMAND ABORTED Checksum Error ’X’ & CR & LF Send Checksum Error RD_WR_SECURITY OR Wait Security Error COMMAND ABORTED ’L’ & CR & LF Send Security Error Read Value Wait Value of Data COMMAND FINISHED ’value’ & ’.’ & CR & LF Send Data Read 17 4231C–CAN–03/05 Read Example Read function (read SBV) HOST BOOTLOADER : 02 0000 05 07 02 F0 : 02 0000 05 07 02 F0 Value . CR LF Atmel Read function (read Bootloader version) HOST BOOTLOADER : 02 0000 01 02 00 FB : 02 0000 01 02 00 FB Value . CR LF Flash Erase The flow described below allows the user to erase the Flash memory. Two modes of Flash erasing are possible: • • Full-chip erase Block erase The Full Chip erase command erases the whole Flash (32 Kbytes) and sets some Configuration Bytes at their default values: • • • BSB = FFh SBV = FCh SSB = FFh (NO_SECURITY) Take care that the full chip erase execution takes few seconds (256 pages ) The full chip erase is always executed whatever the Software Security Byte value is. Note: The Block erase command erases only a part of the Flash. Three Blocks are defined in the A/T89C51AC2: • • • Requests from Host Command Name Erase block0 (0K to 8K) Erase block1 (8K to 16K) 03h Erase block2 (16K to 32K) Full chip erase 01h 07h x 40h 02h 01h Record Type Load Offset Record Length Data[0] Data[1] 00h 20h block0 (From 0000h to 1FFFh) block1 (From 2000h to 3FFFh) block2 (From 4000h to 7FFFh) Answers from Bootloader As the Program Configuration Information flows, the erase block command has three possible answers: • • • ‘.’ & ‘CR’ & ’LF’ when the data are programmed ‘X’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the checksum is wrong ‘P’ & ‘CR’ & ‘LF’ if the Security is set 18 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader 4231C–CAN–03/05 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader Flow Description Host Send Erase Command Bootloader Erase Command Wait Erase Command OR Wait Checksum Error COMMAND ABORTED Checksum Error ’X’ & CR & LF Send Checksum Error NO_SECURITY OR Wait Security Error COMMAND ABORTED ’P’ & CR & LF Send Security Error Wait Erasing Wait COMMAND_OK COMMAND FINISHED ’.’ & CR & LF Send COMMAND_OK Erase Example Full Chip Erase HOST BOOTLOADER : 01 0000 03 07 F5 : 01 0000 03 07 F5 . CR LF Erase Block1(8K to 16K) HOST BOOTLOADER : 02 0000 03 01 20 DA : 02 0000 03 01 20 DA . CR LF 19 4231C–CAN–03/05 Start the Application The flow described below allows to start the application directly from the bootloader upon a specific command reception. Two options are possible: • Start the application with a reset pulse generation (using watchdog). When the device receives this command the watchdog is enabled and the bootloader enters a waiting loop until the watchdog resets the device. Take care that if an external reset chip is used the reset pulse in output may be wrong and in this case the reset sequence is not correctly executed. Start the application without reset A jump at the address 0000h is used to start the application without reset. • Requests from Host Command Name Start application with a reset pulse generation 03h Start application with a jump at “address” x 04h Record Type Load Offset Record Length 02h 03h 01h Address Data[0] Data[1] 00h Data[2] Data[3] - Answer from Bootloader Start Application Example No answer is returned by the device. Start Application with reset pulse HOST BOOTLOADER : 02 0000 03 03 00 F8 : 02 0000 03 03 00 F8 Start Application without reset at address 0000h HOST BOOTLOADER : 04 0000 03 03 01 00 00 F5 : 04 0000 03 03 01 00 00 F5 20 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader 4231C–CAN–03/05 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader In-Application Programming/Selfprogramming The IAP allows to reprogram a microcontroller on-chip Flash memory without removing it from the system and while the embedded application is running. The user application can call some Application Programming Interface (API) routines allowing IAP. These API are executed by the bootloader. To call the corresponding API, the user must use a set of Flash_api routines which can be linked with the application. Example of Flash_api routines are available on the Atmel web site on the software application note: C Flash Drivers for the A/T89C51AC2 The Flash_api routines on the package work only with the UART bootloader. The Flash_api routines are listed in APPENDIX-B. API Call Process The application selects an API by setting R1, ACC, DPTR0 and DPTR1 registers. All calls are made through a common interface “USER_CALL” at the address FFF0h. The jump at the USER_CALL must be done by LCALL instruction to be able to comeback in the application. Before jump at the USER_CALL, the bit ENBOOT in AUXR1 register must be set. Constraints The interrupts are not disabled by the bootloader. Interrupts must be disabled by the user prior to jump to the USER_CALL, then reenabled when returning. Interrupts must also be disabled before accessing EEPROM data then re-enabled after. The user must take care of hardware watchdog before launching a Flash operation. For more information regarding the Flash writing time see the A/T89C51AC2 datasheet. 21 4231C–CAN–03/05 API Commands Several types of APIs are available: • • • • • Read/Program Flash and EEPROM Data memory Read Configuration and Manufacturer Information Program Configuration Information Erase Flash Start bootloader Read/Program Flash and EEPROM Data Memory All routines to access EEPROM Data are managed directly from the application without using bootloader resources. To read the Flash memory the bootloader is not involved. For more details on these routines see the A/T89C51AC2 datasheet sections “Program/Code Memory” and “EEPROM Data Memory” Two routines are available to program the Flash: – – • __api_wr_code_byte __api_wr_code_page The application program load the column latches of the Flash then call the __api_wr_code_byte or __api_wr_code_page see datasheet in section “Program/Code Memory”. Parameter Settings API_name __api_wr_code_byte R1 02h DPTR0 Address in Flash memory to write Address of the first Byte to program in the Flash memory DPTR1 Address in XRAM of the first data to program Acc Value to write • __api_wr_code_page 09h Number of Byte to program • instruction: LCALL FFF0h. No special resources are used by the bootloader during this operation Note: Read Configuration and Manufacturer Information • Parameter Settings API_name __api_rd_HSB __api_rd_BSB __api_rd_SBV __api_rd_SSB __api_rd_EB __api_rd_manufacturer __api_rd_device_id1 __api_rd_device_id2 R1 0Bh 07h 07h 07h 07h 00h 00h 00h DPTR0 0000h 0001h 0002h 0000h 0006h 0000h 0001h 0002h DPTR1 x x x x x x x x Acc return HSB return BSB return SBV return SSB return EB return manufacturer id return id1 return id2 22 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader 4231C–CAN–03/05 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader API_name __api_rd_device_id3 __api_rd_bootloader_vers ion R1 00h 0Fh DPTR0 0003h 0000h DPTR1 x x Acc return id3 return value • • Instruction: LCALL FFF0h. At the complete API execution by the bootloader, the value to read is in the api_value variable. No special resources are used by the bootloader during this operation Note: Program Configuration Information • Parameter Settings API Name __api_set_X2 __api_clr_X2 __api_set_BLJB __api_clr_BLJB __api_wr_BSB __api_wr_SBV __api_wr_EB __api_wr_SSB_LEVEL0 __api_wr_SSB_LEVEL1 __api_wr_SSB_LEVEL2 R1 0Ah 0Ah 0Ah 0Ah 06h 06h 06h 05h 05h 05h DPTR0 0008h 0008h 0004h 0004h 0000h 0001h 0006h FFh FEh FCh DPTR1 x x x x x x x x x x Acc 00h 01h 00h 01h value to write value to write value to write x x x • Instruction: LCALL FFF0h. 1. See in the A/T89C51AC2 datasheet the time that a write operation takes. 2. No special resources are used by the bootloader during these operations Note: 23 4231C–CAN–03/05 Erase Flash The A/T89C51AC2 flash memory is divided in several blocks: Block 0: from address 0000h to 1FFFh Block 1: from address 2000h to 3FFFh Block 2: from address 4000h to 7FFFh These three blocks contain 128 pages. • Parameter Settings API Name __api_erase_block0 __api_erase_block1 __api_erase_block2 01h R1 DPTR0 0000h 2000h 4000h DPTR1 x x x Acc x x x • Instruction: LCALL FFF0h. 1. See the A/T89C51AC2 datasheet for the time that a write operation takes and this time must be multiplied by the number of pages. 2. No special resources are used by the bootloader during these operations Note: Start Bootloader This routine allows to start at the beginning of the bootloader as after a reset. After calling this routine the regular boot process is performed and the communication must be opened before any action. • • • No special parameter setting Set bit ENBOOT in AUXR1 register instruction: LJUMP or LCALL at address F800h 24 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader 4231C–CAN–03/05 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader Appendix-A Table 3. Summary of Frames From Host Command Program Nb Data Byte in Flash. Erase block0 (0000h-1FFFh) Erase block1 (2000h-3FFFh) Erase block2 (4000h-7FFFh) Start application with a reset pulse generation Start application with a jump at “address” Erase SBV & BSB Program SSB level 1 Program SSB level 2 Program BSB Program SBV Program EB Full Chip Erase Program bit BLJB 03h Program bit X2 Read Flash Blank Check Read EEPROM Data Read Manufacturer Code Read Family Code 00h Read Product Name Read Product Revision Read SSB Read BSB 05h Read SBV Read EB Read Hardware Byte Read Device Boot ID1 0Eh Read Device Boot ID2 Read Bootloader Version Program Nb Data byte in EEPROM 00h nb of data (up to 80h) start address 0Fh x 01h 00h x x x x 0Bh 02h x 07h 02h 06h 00h 00h 02h 03h 00h 01h 00h 01h 04h 05h x Start Address End Address x 01h 03h 03h 02h 02h 04h x 03h x x x 05h x x x x x x 0Ah 08h bit value 00h 01h 02h 07h 06h 01h 00h 01h 06h 04h value value value bit value 04h 01h 00h 00h address 02h x 01h Record Type 00h Record Length nb of data (up to 80h) Offset start address Data[0] x Data[1] x 00h 20h 40h 00h Data[2] x Data[3] x Data[4] x - 25 4231C–CAN–03/05 Appendix-B Table 4. API Summary Function Name __api_rd_code_byte __api_wr_code_byte Bootloader Execution no yes 02h Address in Flash memory to write Address of the first Byte to program in the Flash memory 0000h 2000h 4000h 0000h 0008h 0008h 0004h 0004h 0001h 0000h 0002h 0001h 0001h 0000h 00FFh 00FEh 00FCh 0006h 0006h 0000h 0001h 0002h 0003h 0000h Address in XRAM of the first data to program x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Value to write R1 DPTR0 DPTR1 Acc __api_wr_code_page yes 09h Number of Byte to program x x x return value 00h 01h 00h 01h return value value return value value FCh return value x x x return value value return value return value return value return value return value __api_erase_block0 __api_erase_block1 __api_erase_block2 __api_rd_HSB __api_set_X2 __api_clr_X2 __api_set_BLJB __api_clr_BLJB __api_rd_BSB __api_wr_BSB __api_rd_SBV __api_wr_SBV __api_erase_SBV __api_rd_SSB __api_wr_SSB_level0 __api_wr_SSB_level1 __api_wr_SSB_level2 __api_rd_EB __api_wr_EB __api_rd_manufacturer __api_rd_device_id1 __api_rd_device_id2 __api_rd_device_id3 __api_rd_bootloader_version __api_eeprom_busy __api_rd_eeprom_byte __api_wr_eeprom_byte __api_start_bootloader yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no no no 01h 01h 01h 0Bh 0Ah 0Ah 0Ah 0Ah 07h 06h 07h 06h 06h 07h 05h 05h 05h 07h 06h 00h 00h 00h 00h 0Fh 26 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader 4231C–CAN–03/05 A/T89C51AC2 UART Bootloader Datasheet Change Log Changes from 4231A 04/03 to 4231B 12/03 Changes from 4231B 12/03 to 4213C 03/05 1. Bit stop for the UART protocol added. 1. Added AT89C51AC2 part number. 27 4231C–CAN–03/05 Table of Contents Functional Description ......................................................................... 2 In-System Programming Capability ...................................................................... 2 In-Application Programming or Self-programming Capability ............................... 2 Block Diagram ...................................................................................................... 2 Bootloader Configuration ...................................................................................... 3 Security ................................................................................................................ 4 Software Boot Vector ........................................................................................... 5 FLIP Software Program ........................................................................................ 5 In-System Programming ...................................................................... 6 Boot Process ........................................................................................................ 6 In-Application Programming/Self-programming .............................. 21 API Call .............................................................................................................. 21 Appendix-A .......................................................................................... 25 Appendix-B .......................................................................................... 26 Datasheet Change Log ....................................................................... 27 Changes from 4231A - 04/03 to 4231B 12/03 .................................................... 27 i Atmel Corporation 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 487-2600 Atmel Operations Memory 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 436-4314 RF/Automotive Theresienstrasse 2 Postfach 3535 74025 Heilbronn, Germany Tel: (49) 71-31-67-0 Fax: (49) 71-31-67-2340 1150 East Cheyenne Mtn. Blvd. Colorado Springs, CO 80906, USA Tel: 1(719) 576-3300 Fax: 1(719) 540-1759 Regional Headquarters Europe Atmel Sarl Route des Arsenaux 41 Case Postale 80 CH-1705 Fribourg Switzerland Tel: (41) 26-426-5555 Fax: (41) 26-426-5500 Microcontrollers 2325 Orchard Parkway San Jose, CA 95131, USA Tel: 1(408) 441-0311 Fax: 1(408) 436-4314 La Chantrerie BP 70602 44306 Nantes Cedex 3, France Tel: (33) 2-40-18-18-18 Fax: (33) 2-40-18-19-60 Biometrics/Imaging/Hi-Rel MPU/ High Speed Converters/RF Datacom Avenue de Rochepleine BP 123 38521 Saint-Egreve Cedex, France Tel: (33) 4-76-58-30-00 Fax: (33) 4-76-58-34-80 Asia Room 1219 Chinachem Golden Plaza 77 Mody Road Tsimshatsui East Kowloon Hong Kong Tel: (852) 2721-9778 Fax: (852) 2722-1369 ASIC/ASSP/Smart Cards Zone Industrielle 13106 Rousset Cedex, France Tel: (33) 4-42-53-60-00 Fax: (33) 4-42-53-60-01 1150 East Cheyenne Mtn. Blvd. Colorado Springs, CO 80906, USA Tel: 1(719) 576-3300 Fax: 1(719) 540-1759 Scottish Enterprise Technology Park Maxwell Building East Kilbride G75 0QR, Scotland Tel: (44) 1355-803-000 Fax: (44) 1355-242-743 Japan 9F, Tonetsu Shinkawa Bldg. 1-24-8 Shinkawa Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033 Japan Tel: (81) 3-3523-3551 Fax: (81) 3-3523-7581 Literature Requests www.atmel.com/literature Disclaimer: A tmel Corporation makes no warranty for the use of its products, other than those expressly contained in the Company’s standard warranty which is detailed in Atmel’s Terms and Conditions located on the Company’s web site. The Company assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this document, reserves the right to change devices or specifications detailed herein at any time without notice, and does not make any commitment to update the information contained herein. No licenses to patents or other intellectual property of Atmel are granted by the Company in connection with the sale of Atmel products, expressly or by implication. Atmel’s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems. © Atmel Corporation 2005 . A ll rights reserved. A tmel® a nd combinations thereof are the registered trademarks of Atmel Corporation or its subsidiaries. Other terms and product names may be the trademarks of others. Printed on recycled paper. 4231C–CAN–03/05 /xM