TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
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SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
FAST-TRANSIENT RESPONSE 5-A LOW-DROPOUT VOLTAGE REGULATORS
FEATURES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
DESCRIPTION
5-A Low-Dropout Voltage Regulator
Available in 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, and 3.3-V
Fixed-Output and Adjustable Versions
Dropout Voltage Typically 250 mV at 5 A
(TPS75633)
Low 125 µA Typical Quiescent Current
Fast Transient Response
3% Tolerance Over Specified Conditions for
Fixed-Output Versions
Available in 5-Pin TO-220 and TO-263 Surface-Mount Packages
Thermal Shutdown Protection
The TPS756xx family of 5-A low dropout (LDO)
regulators contains four fixed voltage option regulators and an adjustable voltage option regulator.
These devices are capable of supplying 5 A of output
current with a dropout of 250 mV (TPS75633).
Therefore, the device is capable of performing a
3.3-V to 2.5-V conversion.
Quiescent current is 125 µA at full load and drops
down to less than 1 µA when the device is disabled.
The TPS756xx is designed to have fast transient
response for large load current changes.
TO–263 (KTT) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
TO–220 (KC) PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
EN
IN
GND
OUTPUT
FB/NC
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
EN
IN
GND
OUTPUT
FB/NC
TPS75633
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
–40 –25 –10 5
20 35 50 65 80 95 110 125
TJ – Junction Temperature – °C
150
VO = 1.5 V
Co = 100 µF
100
50
0
–50
di
A
1.25
s
dt
–100
–150
0
5
20
40 60
0
80 100 120 140 160 180 200
IO – Output Current – A
350
IO = 5 A
VO = 3.3 V
TPS75615
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
∆VO – Change in Output Voltage – mV
VDO– Dropout Voltage – mV
400
DROPOUT VOLTAGE
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
t – Time – µs
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas
Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
PowerPAD is a trademark of Texas Instruments.
PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date.
Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas
Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not
necessarily include testing of all parameters.
Copyright © 2001–2004, Texas Instruments Incorporated
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
Because the PMOS device behaves as a low-value resistor, the dropout voltage is very low (typically 250 mV at
an output current of 5 A for the TPS75633) and is directly proportional to the output current. Additionally, since
the PMOS pass element is a voltage-driven device, the quiescent current is very low and independent of output
loading (typically 125 µA over the full range of output current). These two key specifications yield a significant
improvement in operating life for battery-powered systems.
The device is enabled when EN (enable) is connected to a high voltage level (> 2 V). Applying a low voltage
level (< 0.7 V) to EN shuts down the regulator, reducing the quiescent current to less than 1 µA at TJ = 25°C.
The TPS756xx is offered in 1.5-V, 1.8-V, 2.5-V, and 3.3-V fixed-voltage versions and in an adjustable version
(programmable over the range of 1.22 V to 5 V). Output voltage tolerance is specified as a maximum of 3% over
line, load, and temperature ranges. The TPS756xx family is available in a 5-pin TO-220 (KC) and TO-263 (KTT)
packages.
AVAILABLE OPTIONS
TJ
-40°C to +125°C
(1)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (TYP)
TO-220 (KC)
TO-263(KTT) (1)
3.3 V
TPS75633KC
TPS75633KTT
2.5 V
TPS75625KC
TPS75625KTT
1.8 V
TPS75618KC
TPS75618KTT
1.5 V
TPS75615KC
TPS75615KTT
Adjustable 1.22 V to 5 V
TPS75601KC
TPS75601KTT
The TPS75601 is programmable using an external resistor divider (see application information). Add
T for KTT devices in 50-piece reel. Add R for KTT devices in 500-piece reel.
VI
2
IN
NC
OUT
1 µF
5
4
VO
1
EN
+
GND
Co(1)
47 µF
3
(1) See application information section for capacitor selection details.
Figure 1. Typical Application Configuration (For Fixed Output Options)
2
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM—ADJUSTABLE VERSION
VOUT
VIN
Current
Sense
UVLO
SHUTDOWN
ILIM
_
GND
R1
+
FB
EN
UVLO
R2
Thermal
Shutdown
External to
the Device
Bandgap
Reference
VIN
Vref = 1.22 V
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM—FIXED VERSION
VOUT
VIN
UVLO
Current
Sense
SHUTDOWN
ILIM
_
R1
+
GND
UVLO
EN
R2
Thermal
Shutdown
Vref = 1.22 V
Bandgap
Reference
VIN
TERMINAL FUNCTIONS (TPS756xx)
TERMINAL
I/O
DESCRIPTION
1
I
Enable input
5
I
Feedback input voltage for adjustable device/no connection for fixed options
NAME
NO.
EN
FB/NC
GND
3
IN
2
I
Input voltage
OUTPUT
4
O
Regulated output voltage
Regulator ground
3
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The TPS756xx family includes four fixed-output voltage regulators (1.5 V, 1.8 V, 2.5 V, and 3.3 V), and an
adjustable regulator, the TPS75601 (adjustable from 1.22 V to 5 V). The bandgap voltage is typically 1.22 V.
Pin Functions
Enable (EN)
The EN terminal is an input which enables or shuts down the device. If EN is a low voltage level (< 0.7 V), the
device will be in shutdown or sleep mode. When EN goes to a high voltage level (> 2 V), the device will be
enabled.
Feedback (FB)
FB is an input terminal used for the adjustable-output option and must be connected to the output terminal either
directly, in order to generate the minimum output voltage of 1.22 V, or through an external feedback resistor
divider for other output voltages. The FB connection should be as short as possible. It is essential to route it in
such a way to minimize/avoid noise pickup. Adding RC networks between FB terminal and VO to filter noise is
not recommended because it may cause the regulator to oscillate.
Input Voltage (IN)
The VIN terminal is an input to the regulator.
Output Voltage (OUTPUT)
The VOUTPUT terminal is an output from the regulator.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
over operating junction temperature range (unless otherwise noted) (1) (2)
UNIT
Input voltage range, VI
-0.3 V to 6 V
Voltage range at EN
-0.3 V to 6 V
Peak output current
Internally limited
Continuous total power dissipation
See Dissipation Rating Tables
Output voltage, VO (OUTPUT, FB)
5.5 V
Operating junction temperature range, TJ
-40°C to 150°C
Storage temperature range, Tstg
-65°C to 150°C
ESD rating, HBM
2 kV
ESD rating, CDM
500 V
(1)
(2)
Stresses beyond those listed under,, absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings
only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under,, recommended operating
conditions” is not implied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
All voltage values are with respect to network terminal ground.
DISSIPATION RATING TABLE
package
(1)
(2)
(3)
4
RΘJA(°C/W) (1)
RΘJC(°C/W)
TO-220
2
58.7 (2)
TO-263
2
38.7 (3)
For both packages, the RΘJAvalues were computed using JEDEC high K board (2S2P) with 1 ounce internal copper plane and ground
plane. There was no air flow across the packages.
RΘJA was computed assuming a vertical, free standing TO-220 package with pins soldered to the board. There is no heatsink attached
to the package.
RΘJA was computed assuming a horizontally mounted TO-263 package with pins soldered to the board. There is no copper pad
underneath the package.
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
MIN
MAX
UNIT
Input voltage, VI (1)
2.8
5.5
V
Output voltage range, VO
1.22
5
V
Output current, IO
0
5
A
Operating virtual junction temperature, TJ
-40
125
°C
(1)
To calculate the minimum input voltage for your maximum output current, use the following equation: VI(min)= VO(max)+ VDO(max
load).
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
over recommended operating junction temperature range (TJ = -40°C to 125°C), VI= VO (typ)+ 1 V, IO = 1 mA, EN = VI,
Co = 100 µF (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
1.22 V ≤ VO≤ 5.5 V, TJ = 25°C
Adjustable voltage
1.5 V Output
Output voltage (1)
1.8 V Output
2.5 V Output
3.3 V Output
Quiescent current (GND current)
(1), (3)
Output voltage line regulation (∆VO/VO) (3)
1.22 V≤ VO≤ 5.5 V
0.97 VO
1.03 VO
1.22 V≤ VO≤ 5.5 V, TJ = 0 to 125°C (2)
0.97 VO
1.03 VO
TJ = 25°C, 2.8 V < VI < 5.5 V
2.8 V ≤ VI≤ 5.5 V
1.5
1.455
TJ = 25°C, 2.8 V < VI < 5.5 V
2.8 V ≤ VI≤ 5.5 V
1.8
1.746
1.854
TJ = 25°C, 3.5 V < VI < 5.5 V
3.5 V ≤ VI≤ 5.5 V
2.5
2.425
TJ = 25°C, 4.3 V < VI < 5.5 V
4.3 V ≤ VI≤ 5.5 V
2.575
3.3
3.201
TJ = 25°C
3.399
125
200
VO + 1 V≤ VI≤ 5.5 V, TJ = 25°C
0.04
VO + 1 V ≤ VI < 5.5 V
0.1
BW = 300 Hz to 50 kHz, TJ = 25°C, VI = 2.8 V
VO = 0 V
EN = 0
Standby current
5.5
TJ = 25°C
10
TPS75601
FB = 1.5 V
Power supply ripple
rejection
TPS75615
f = 100 Hz, TJ= 25°C, VI = 2.8 V, IO = 5 A
EN = 0 V
-1
High level EN input voltage
Low level EN input voltage
V
V
V
µA
%/V
µVrms
14
A
°C
µA
10
µA
1
µA
60
-1
V
0.1
-1
EN = VI
V
150
EN = 0
FB input current
UNIT
%/V
35
Thermal shutdown junction temperature
(1)
(2)
(3)
1.545
0.35
TPS75615
Output current limit
Input current (EN)
MAX
VO
Load regulation (1)
Output noise voltage
TYP
0
dB
1
µA
1
µA
2
V
0.7
V
IO = 1 mA to 5 A
The adjustable option operates with a 2% tolerance over TJ = 0 to 125°C.
If VO < 2.5 V then VImin = 2.8 V, VImax = 5.5 V:
VOVImax 2.8V
Line regulator (mV) (%V)
1000
100
If VO≥ 2.5 V then VImin = VO + 1 V, VImax = 5.5 V:
VOVImax VO 1V
Line regulator (mV) (%V)
1000
100
5
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
over recommended operating junction temperature range (TJ = -40°C to 125°C), VI= VO (typ)+ 1 V, IO = 1 mA, EN = VI,
Co = 100 µF (unless otherwise noted)
PARAMETER
VO
VI
(4)
TEST CONDITIONS
Dropout voltage, (3.3 V output)
MIN
IO = 5 A, VI = 3.2 V, TJ = 25°C
(4)
TYP
MAX
250
IO = 5 A, VI = 3.2 V
500
Discharge transistor current
VO = 1.5 V, TJ = 25°C
10
UVLO
TJ = 25°C, VI rising
2.2
UVLO hysteresis
TJ = 25°C, VI falling
25
100
Table of Graphs
FIGURE
zo
4, 5
vs Junction temperature
6
Power supply ripple rejection
vs Frequency
7
Output spectral noise density
vs Frequency
8
Output impedance
vs Frequency
9
vs Input voltage
10
vs Junction temperature
11
vs Output voltage
12
VI
Minimum required input voltage
6
2, 3
vs Junction temperature
Dropout voltage
VO
vs Output current
Ground current
VDO
V
mV
If VO < 2.5 V then VImin = 2.8 V, VImax = 5.5 V:
VOVImax 2.8V
Line regulator (mV) (%V)
1000
100
If VO≥ 2.5 V then VImin = VO + 1 V, VImax = 5.5 V:
VOVImax VO 1V
Line regulator (mV) (%V)
1000
100
Output voltage
mV
mA
2.75
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
VO
UNIT
Line transient response
13, 15
Load transient response
14, 16
Output voltage and enable voltage
vs Time (start-up)
17
Equivalent series resistance
vs Output current
19, 20
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
TPS75633
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
OUTPUT CURRENT
TPS75615
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
OUTPUT CURRENT
1.545
3.345
VI = 2.8 V
TJ = 25°C
VI = 4.3 V
TJ = 25°C
1.530
VO − Output Voltage − V
VO − Output Voltage − V
3.330
3.315
3.3
3.285
1.515
1.5
1.485
1.470
3.270
3.255
0
1
2
3
4
1.455
5
0
1
4
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
TPS75633
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
TPS75615
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
3.345
5
1.545
VI = 4.3 V
VI = 2.8 V
3.33
1.530
VO − Output Voltage − V
VO − Output Voltage − V
3
2
IO − Output Current − A
IO − Output Current − A
3.315
3.3
3.285
1.5
1.485
1.470
3.270
3.255
−40 −25
1.515
10
5
20
35
50
65 80
95 110 125
TJ − Junction Temperature − °C
Figure 4.
1.455
−40 −25 −10
5
20
35
50 65
80
95 110 125
TJ − Junction Temperature − °C
Figure 5.
7
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
TPS756xx
GROUND CURRENT
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
TPS75633
POWER SUPPLY RIPPLE REJECTION
vs
FREQUENCY
150
90
PSRR − Power Supply Ripple Rejection − dB
Ground Current − µ A
VI = 5 V
IO = 5 A
125
100
75
−40 −25 −10
5
20
35 50
65
80
95 110 125
VI = 4.3 V
Co = 100 µF
TJ = 25°C
80
70
IO = 1 mA
60
50
40
30
IO = 5 A
20
10
0
10
100
1k
TJ − Junction Temperature − °C
Figure 7.
TPS75633
OUTPUT SPECTRAL NOISE DENSITY
vs
FREQUENCY
TPS75633
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE
vs
FREQUENCY
z o − Output Impedance − Ω
Hz
Output Spectral Noise Density − µ V/
2
IO = 5 A
1.5
IO = 1 mA
1
0.5
1k
f − Frequency − Hz
10k
10M
10
1M
10M
VI = 4.3 V
Co = 100 µF
TJ = 25°C
1
IO = 1 mA
0.1
IO = 5 A
0.01
100
1M
100
VI = 4.3 V
VO = 3.3 V
Co = 100 µF
TJ = 25°C
Figure 8.
8
100k
Figure 6.
2.5
0
10
10k
f − Frequency − Hz
100k
0.001
10
100
1k
10k
100k
f − Frequency − Hz
Figure 9.
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
TPS75601
DROPOUT VOLTAGE
vs
INPUT VOLTAGE
TPS75633
DROPOUT VOLTAGE
vs
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE
400
450
IO = 5 A
VO = 3.3 V
IO = 5 A
350
TJ = 125°C
350
VDO − Dropout Voltage − mV
VDO − Dropout Voltage − mV
400
300
TJ = 25°C
250
TJ = −40°C
200
150
100
300
250
200
150
100
50
50
0
2.5
3
3.5
4
VI − Input Voltage − V
4.5
0
−40 −25 −10
5
50
65
80
95
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
MINIMUM REQUIRED INPUT VOLTAGE
vs
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
TPS75615
LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE
∆ VO − Change in
Output Voltage − mV
IO = 5 A
TJ = 125°C
TJ = 25°C
TJ = −40°C
3
110 125
VO = 1.5 V
IO = 5A
Co = 100 µF
50
0
−50
−100
VI − Input Voltage − V
VI− Minimum Required Input Voltage − V
20 35
TJ − Junction Temperature − °C
4
2.8
2
1.5
5
1.75
2
3
2.25 2.5 2.75
VO − Output Voltage − V
Figure 12.
3.25
3.5
3.8
2.8
0
50
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
t − Time − µs
Figure 13.
9
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
VO = 1.5 V
Co = 100 µF
50
0
I O − Output Current − A
−50
di 1.25 A
s
dt
−100
−150
5
0
20
40
60
80 100 120 140 160 180 200
t − Time − µs
5.3
4.3
50
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
t − Time − µs
Figure 15.
TPS75633
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
TPS75633
OUTPUT VOLTAGE AND ENABLE VOLTAGE
vs
TIME (START-UP)
100
0
di 1.25 A
s
dt
−100
5
0
40
60
80 100 120 140 160 180 200
t − Time − µs
Figure 16.
10
−100
Figure 14.
200
20
−50
0
VO =3 .3 V
Co = 100 µF
0
0
VO − Output Voltage − V
∆ VO − Change in Output Voltage − mV
0
VO = 3.3 V
IO = 5 A
Co = 100 µF
50
Enable Voltage − V
100
VI = 4.3 V
IO = 10 mA
TJ = 25°C
3.3
0
4.3
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
t − Time (Start-Up) − ms
Figure 17.
0.8
1
VI − Input Voltage − V
150
∆ VO − Change in Output Voltage − mV
TPS75633
LINE TRANSIENT RESPONSE
I O − Output Current − A
∆ VO − Change in Output Voltage − mV
TPS75615
LOAD TRANSIENT RESPONSE
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
To Load
IN
VI
OUT
+
EN
RL
Co
GND
ESR
Figure 18. Test Circuit for Typical Regions of Stability (Figures 19 and 20) (Fixed Output Options)
TYPICAL REGION OF STABILITY(A)
EQUIVALENT SERIES RESISTANCE
vs
OUTPUT CURRENT
10
Co = 680 µF
TJ = 25°C
ESR − Equivalent Series Resistance − Ω
ESR − Equivalent Series Resistance − Ω
10
TYPICAL REGION OF STABILITY(A)
EQUIVALENT SERIES RESISTANCE
vs
OUTPUT CURRENT
1
Region of Stability
0.1
Co = 47 µF
TJ = 25°C
1
Region of Stability
0.2
Region of Instability
0.015
Region of Instability
0.01
0.01
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
1
2
3
IO − Output Current − A
IO − Output Current − A
Figure 19.
Figure 20.
4
5
A. Equivalent series resistance (ESR) refers to the total series resistance, including the ESR of the capacitor, any
series resistance added externally, and PWB trace resistance to CO.
11
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
THERMAL INFORMATION
The amount of heat that an LDO linear regulator generates is directly proportional to the amount of power it
dissipates during operation. All integrated circuits have a maximum allowable junction temperature (TJmax)
above which normal operation is not assured. A system designer must design the operating environment so that
the operating junction temperature (TJ) does not exceed the maximum junction temperature (TJmax). The two
main environmental variables that a designer can use to improve thermal performance are air flow and external
heatsinks. The purpose of this information is to aid the designer in determining the proper operating environment
for a linear regulator that is operating at a specific power level.
In general, the maximum expected power (PD(max)) consumed by a linear regulator is computed as:
P max V
V
I
V
xI
D
I(avg)
O(avg)
O(avg)
I(avg) (Q)
(1)
Where:
•
•
•
•
VI(avg) is the average input voltage.
VO(avg) is the average output voltage.
IO(avg) is the average output current.
I(Q) is the quiescent current.
For most TI LDO regulators, the quiescent current is insignificant compared to the average output current;
therefore, the term VI(avg) x I(Q) can be neglected. The operating junction temperature is computed by adding the
ambient temperature (TA) and the increase in temperature due to the regulator's power dissipation. The
temperature rise is computed by multiplying the maximum expected power dissipation by the sum of the thermal
resistances between the junction and the case (RΘJC), the case to heatsink (RΘCS), and the heatsink to ambient
(RΘSA). Thermal resistances are measures of how effectively an object dissipates heat. Typically, the larger the
device, the more surface area available for power dissipation and the lower the object's thermal resistance.
Figure 21 illustrates these thermal resistances for (a) a TO-220 package attached to a heatsink, and (b) a
TO-263 package mounted on a JEDEC High-K board.
C
B
A
TJ
RθJC
A
B
A
B
TC
RθCS
C
RθSA
TA
TO–220 Package
(a)
Figure 21. Thermal Resistances
12
TO–263 Package
(b)
C
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
THERMAL INFORMATION (continued)
Equation 2 summarizes the computation:
T
J
T PDmax x R
R
R
A
θJC
θCS
θSA
(2)
The RΘJC is specific to each regulator as determined by its package, lead frame, and die size provided in the
regulator's data sheet. The RΘSA is a function of the type and size of heatsink. For example, black body radiator
type heatsinks, like the one attached to the TO-220 package in Figure 21(a), can have RΘCS values ranging from
5 °C/W for very large heatsinks to 50 °C/W for very small heatsinks. The RΘCS is a function of how the package is
attached to the heatsink. For example, if a thermal compound is used to attach a heatsink to a TO-220 package,
RΘCS of 1°C/W is reasonable.
Even if no external black body radiator type heatsink is attached to the package, the board on which the
regulator is mounted will provide some heatsinking through the pin solder connections. Some packages, like the
TO-263 and TI's TSSOP PowerPAD™ packages, use a copper plane underneath the package or the circuit
board's ground plane for additional heatsinking to improve their thermal performance. Computer aided thermal
modeling can be used to compute very accurate approximations of an integrated circuit's thermal performance in
different operating environments (e.g., different types of circuit boards, different types and sizes of heatsinks,
different air flows, etc.). Using these models, the three thermal resistances can be combined into one thermal
resistance between junction and ambient (RΘJA). This RΘJA is valid only for the specific operating environment
used in the computer model.
Equation 2 simplifies into Equation 3:
T T PDmax x R
J
A
θJA
Rearranging Equation 3 gives Equation 4:
T –T
R
J A
θJA
P max
D
(3)
(4)
Using Equation 3 and the computer model generated curves shown in Figure 22 and Figure 25, a designer can
quickly compute the required heatsink thermal resistance/board area for a given ambient temperature, power
dissipation, and operating environment.
TO-220 Power Dissipation
The TO-220 package provides an effective means of managing power dissipation in through-hole applications.
The TO-220 package dimensions are provided in the Mechanical Data section at the end of the data sheet. A
heatsink can be used with the TO-220 package to effectively lower the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance.
To illustrate, the TPS75625 in a TO-220 package was chosen. For this example, the average input voltage is 3.3
V, the average output voltage is 2.5 V, the average output current is 3 A, the ambient temperature 55°C, the air
flow is 150 LFM, and the operating environment is the same as documented below. Neglecting the quiescent
current, the maximum average power is:
P Dmax (3.3 – 2.5) V x 3 A 2.4 W
(5)
Substituting TJmax for TJ into Equation 4 gives Equation 6:
R
max (125 – 55)°C2.4 W 29°CW
θJA
(6)
From Figure 22, RΘJA vs Heatsink Thermal Resistance, a heatsink with RΘSA = 22°C/W is required to dissipate
2.4 W. The model operating environment used in the computer model to construct Figure 22 consisted of a
standard JEDEC High-K board (2S2P) with a 1 oz. internal copper plane and ground plane. Since the package
pins were soldered to the board, 450 mm2 of the board was modeled as a heatsink. Figure 23 shows the side
view of the operating environment used in the computer model.
13
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
THERMAL INFORMATION (continued)
THERMAL RESISTANCE
vs
HEATSINK THERMAL RESISTANCE
65
Rθ JA – Thermal Resistance –
° C/W
Natural Convection
55
Air Flow = 150 LFM
45
Air Flow = 250 LFM
Air Flow = 500 LFM
35
25
15
No Heatsink
5
25
20
15
10
5
RθSA – Heatsink Thermal Resistance – °C/W
0
Figure 22.
0.21 mm
0.21 mm
1 oz. Copper
Power Plane
1 oz. Copper
Ground Plane
Figure 23.
From the data in Figure 22 and rearranging Equation 4, the maximum power dissipation for a different heatsink
RΘSA and a specific ambient temperature can be computed (see Figure 24).
14
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
THERMAL INFORMATION (continued)
POWER DISSIPATION LIMIT
vs
HEATSINK THERMAL RESISTANCE
10
PD – Power Dissipation Limit – W
TA = 55°C
Air Flow = 500 LFM
Air Flow = 250 LFM
Air Flow = 150 LFM
Natural Convection
No Heatsink
1
20
10
RθSA – Heatsink Thermal Resistance – °C/W
0
Figure 24.
TO-263 Power Dissipation
The TO-263 package provides an effective means of managing power dissipation in surface-mount applications.
The TO-263 package dimensions are provided in the Mechanical Data section at the end of the data sheet. The
addition of a copper plane directly underneath the TO-263 package enhances the thermal performance of the
package.
To illustrate, the TPS75625 in a TO-263 package was chosen. For this example, the average input voltage is 3.3
V, the average output voltage is 2.5 V, the average output current is 3 A, the ambient temperature 55°C, the air
flow is 150 LFM, and the operating environment is the same as documented below. Neglecting the quiescent
current, the maximum average power is:
P Dmax (3.3 – 2.5) V x 3 A 2.4 W
(7)
Substituting TJmax for TJ into Equation 4 gives Equation 8:
R
max (125 – 55)°C2.4 W 29°CW
θJA
(8)
2
From Figure 25, RΘJA vs Copper Heatsink Area, the ground plane needs to be 2 cm for the part to dissipate 2.4
W. The model operating environment used in the computer model to construct Figure 25 consisted of a standard
JEDEC High-K board (2S2P) with a 1 oz. internal copper plane and ground plane. The package is soldered to a
2 oz. copper pad. The pad is tied through thermal vias to the 1 oz. ground plane. Figure 26 shows the side view
of the operating environment used in the computer model.
15
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
THERMAL INFORMATION (continued)
THERMAL RESISTANCE
vs
COPPER HEATSINK AREA
40
Rθ JA – Thermal Resistance –
° C/W
No Air Flow
35
150 LFM
30
250 LFM
25
20
15
0
0.01
0.1
1
10
Copper Heatsink Area – cm2
100
Figure 25.
2 oz. Copper Solder Pad
With 25 Thermal Vias
1 oz. Copper
Power Plane
1 oz. Copper
Ground Plane
Thermal Vias, 0.3 mm
Diameter, 1.5 mm Pitch
Figure 26.
From the data in Figure 25 and rearranging Equation 4, the maximum power dissipation for a different ground
plane area and a specific ambient temperature can be computed (see Figure 27).
16
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
THERMAL INFORMATION (continued)
MAXIMUM POWER DISSIPATION
vs
COPPER HEATSINK AREA
5
PD – Maximum Power Dissipation – W
TA = 55°C
250 LFM
4
150 LFM
3
No Air Flow
2
1
0
0.01
0.1
1
10
Copper Heatsink Area – cm2
100
Figure 27.
17
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
APPLICATION INFORMATION
The output voltage of the TPS75601 adjustable regulator is programmed using an external resistor divider as
shown in Figure 28. The output voltage is calculated using:
V (V
2.8V)
Line regulator (mV) (%V) O Imax
1000
100
(9)
Resistors R1 and R2 should be chosen for approximately 40-µA divider current. Lower value resistors can be
used but offer no inherent advantage and waste more power. Higher values should be avoided as leakage
currents at FB increase the output voltage error. The recommended design procedure is to choose R2 = 30.1 kΩ
to set the divider current at 40 µA and then calculate R1 using:
R1
V
V
O 1
ref
R2
(10)
TPS75601
VI
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
PROGRAMMING GUIDE
IN
1 µF
OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
≥2V
EN
OUT
VO
R1
≤ 0.7 V
FB
GND
Co
R1
R2
UNIT
2.5 V
31.6
30.1
kΩ
3.3 V
51
30.1
kΩ
3.6 V
58.3
30.1
kΩ
R2
Figure 28. TPS75601 Adjustable LDO Regulator Programming
Regulator Protection
The TPS756xx PMOS-pass transistor has a built-in back diode that conducts reverse currents when the input
voltage drops below the output voltage (e.g., during power down). Current is conducted from the output to the
input and is not internally limited. When extended reverse voltage is anticipated, external limiting may be
appropriate.
The TPS756xx also features internal current limiting and thermal protection. During normal operation, the
TPS756xx limits output current to approximately 10 A. When current limiting engages, the output voltage scales
back linearly until the overcurrent condition ends. While current limiting is designed to prevent gross device
failure, care should be taken not to exceed the power dissipation ratings of the package. If the temperature of the
device exceeds 150°C (typ), thermal-protection circuitry shuts it down. Once the device has cooled below 130°C
(typ), regulator operation resumes.
Input Capacitor
For a typical application, a ceramic input bypass capacitor (0.22 µF-1 µF) is recommended to ensure device
stability. This capacitor should be as close as possible to the input pin. Due to the impedance of the input supply,
large transient currents will cause the input voltage to droop. If this droop causes the input voltage to drop below
the UVLO threshold, the device will turn off. Therefore, it is recommended that a larger capacitor be placed in
parallel with the ceramic bypass capacitor at the regulator's input. The size of this capacitor depends on the
output current, response time of the main power supply, and the main power supply's distance to the regulator.
At a minimum, the capacitor should be sized to ensure that the input voltage does not drop below the minimum
UVLO threshold voltage during normal operating conditions.
18
TPS75601, TPS75615
TPS75618, TPS75625
TPS75633
www.ti.com
SLVS329C – JUNE 2001 – REVISED MARCH 2004
APPLICATION INFORMATION (continued)
Output Capacitor
As with most LDO regulators, the TPS756xx requires an output capacitor connected between OUT and GND to
stabilize the internal control loop. The minimum recommended capacitance value is 47 µF with an ESR
(equivalent series resistance) of at least 200 mΩ. As shown in Figure 29, most capacitor and ESR combinations
with a product of 47e-6 x 0.2 = 9.4e-6 or larger will be stable, provided the capacitor value is at least 47 µF. Solid
tantalum electrolytic and aluminum electrolytic capacitors are all suitable, provided they meet the requirements
described in this section. Larger capacitors provide a wider range of stability and better load transient response.
This information along with the ESR graphs, Figure 19, Figure 20, and Figure 29, is included to assist in
selection of suitable capacitance for the user's application. When necessary to achieve low height requirements
along with high output current and/or high load capacitance, several higher ESR capacitors can be used in
parallel to meet these guidelines.
OUTPUT CAPACITANCE
vs
EQUIVALENT SERIES RESISTANCE
1000
Output Capacitance – µ F
Region of Stability
ESR min x Co = Constant
100
47
Region xofCInstability
Y = ESRmin
o
10
0.01
0.1
ESR – Equivalent Series Resistance – Ω
0.2
Figure 29.
19
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
13-Aug-2021
PACKAGING INFORMATION
Orderable Device
Status
(1)
Package Type Package Pins Package
Drawing
Qty
Eco Plan
(2)
Lead finish/
Ball material
MSL Peak Temp
Op Temp (°C)
Device Marking
(3)
(4/5)
(6)
TPS75601KC
ACTIVE
TO-220
KC
5
50
RoHS & Green
Call TI | SN
N / A for Pkg Type
-40 to 85
75601
TPS75601KTTR
ACTIVE
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTT
5
500
RoHS & Green
Call TI | SN
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 85
75601
TPS75601KTTRG3
ACTIVE
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTT
5
500
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 85
75601
TPS75615KC
ACTIVE
TO-220
KC
5
50
RoHS & Green
Call TI | SN
N / A for Pkg Type
-40 to 85
75615
TPS75615KCG3
ACTIVE
TO-220
KC
5
50
RoHS & Green
SN
N / A for Pkg Type
-40 to 85
75615
TPS75615KTTT
ACTIVE
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTT
5
50
RoHS & Green
Call TI | SN
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
75615
TPS75615KTTTG3
ACTIVE
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTT
5
50
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
75615
TPS75618KC
ACTIVE
TO-220
KC
5
50
RoHS & Green
Call TI | SN
N / A for Pkg Type
TPS75618KTTT
ACTIVE
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTT
5
50
RoHS & Green
Call TI | SN
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
75618
TPS75618KTTTG3
ACTIVE
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTT
5
50
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
75618
TPS75625KC
ACTIVE
TO-220
KC
5
50
RoHS & Green
Call TI | SN
N / A for Pkg Type
-40 to 85
75625
TPS75625KTTR
ACTIVE
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTT
5
500
RoHS & Green
Call TI | SN
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
-40 to 85
75625
TPS75633KC
ACTIVE
TO-220
KC
5
50
RoHS & Green
Call TI | SN
N / A for Pkg Type
-40 to 85
75633
TPS75633KCG3
ACTIVE
TO-220
KC
5
50
RoHS & Green
SN
N / A for Pkg Type
-40 to 85
75633
TPS75633KTTT
ACTIVE
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTT
5
50
RoHS & Green
Call TI | SN
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
75633
TPS75633KTTTG3
ACTIVE
DDPAK/
TO-263
KTT
5
50
RoHS & Green
SN
Level-2-260C-1 YEAR
75633
(1)
The marketing status values are defined as follows:
ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs.
LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect.
NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design.
Addendum-Page 1
-40 to 85
75618
Samples
PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM
www.ti.com
13-Aug-2021
PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available.
OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device.
(2)
RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance
do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may
reference these types of products as "Pb-Free".
RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption.
Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of
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