LMC6044AIN/NOPB

LMC6044 LMC6044 CMOS Quad Micropower Operational Amplifier Literature Number: SNOS612C LMC6044 CMOS Quad Micropower Operational Amplifier General Description Features Ultra-low power consumption and low input-leakage current are the hallmarks of the LMC6044. Providing input currents of only 2 fA typical, the LMC6044 can operate from a single supply, has output swing extending to each supply rail, and an input voltage range that includes ground. The LMC6044 is ideal for use in systems requiring ultra-low power consumption. In addition, the insensitivity to latch-up, high output drive, and output swing to ground without requiring external pull-down resistors make it ideal for singlesupply battery-powered systems. n n n n n Other applications for the LMC6044 include bar code reader amplifiers, magnetic and electric field detectors, and handheld electrometers. This device is built with National’s advanced Double-Poly Silicon-Gate CMOS process. Low supply current: 10 µA/Amp (Typ) Operates from 4.5V to 15.5V single supply Ultra low input current: 2 fA (Typ) Rail-to-rail output swing Input common-mode range includes ground Applications n n n n n n n Battery monitoring and power conditioning Photodiode and infrared detector preamplifier Silicon based transducer systems Hand-held analytic instruments pH probe buffer amplifier Fire and smoke detection systems Charge amplifier for piezoelectric transducers See the LMC6041 for a single, and the LMC6042 for a dual amplifier with these features. Connection Diagram 14-Pin DIP/SO 01113801 Instrumentation Amplifier 01113815 © 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation DS011138 www.national.com LMC6044 CMOS Quad Micropower Operational Amplifier August 2000 LMC6044 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Junction Temperature (Note 3) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. ESD Tolerance (Note 4) Differential Input Voltage ± Supply Voltage Supply Voltage (V+ − V−) 16V Output Short Circuit to V+ (Note 12) Output Short Circuit to V− (Note 2) 500V Voltage at I/O Pin (V+) +0.3V, (V−) −0.3V Operating Ratings Temperature Range −40˚C ≤ TJ ≤ +85˚C LMC6044AI, LMC6044I Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) Current at Power Supply Pin (Note 10) Thermal Resistance (θJA), (Note 11) 35 mA Power Dissipation Storage Temperature Range Power Dissipation ± 5 mA ± 18 mA Current at Output Pin 4.5V ≤ V+ ≤ 15.5V Supply Voltage 260˚C Current at Input Pin 110˚C (Note 3) 14-Pin DIP 85˚C/W 14-Pin SO 115˚C/W −65˚C to +150˚C Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TA = TJ = 25˚C. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. V+ = 5V, V− = 0V, VCM = 1.5V, VO = V+/2, and RL > 1M unless otherwise specified. Symbol VOS TCVOS Parameter Conditions Input Offset Voltage Typical LMC6044AI LMC6044I Units (Note 5) Limit Limit (Limit) (Note 6) (Note 6) 1 Input Offset Voltage 3 6 mV 3.3 6.3 max 1.3 µV/˚C Average Drift IB Input Bias Current 0.002 4 4 pA max IOS Input Offset Current RIN Input Resistance CMRR Common Mode 0V ≤ VCM ≤ 12.0V Rejection Ratio V+ = 15V Positive Power Supply 5V ≤ V+ ≤ 15V Rejection Ratio VO = 2.5V Negative Power Supply 0V ≤ V− ≤ −10V Rejection Ratio VO = 2.5V Input Common-Mode V+ = 5V & 15V Voltage Range For CMRR ≥ 50 dB 0.001 2 2 pA max +PSRR −PSRR CMR > 10 TeraΩ 75 68 62 dB 66 60 min 68 62 dB 66 60 min 94 84 74 dB 83 73 min −0.4 −0.1 −0.1 V 0 0 max V+ − 2.3V V+ − 2.3V V V − 2.5V V+ − 2.4V min 400 300 V/mV 300 200 min V/mV 75 V+ − 1.9V + AV Large Signal RL = 100 kΩ (Note 7) Sourcing 1000 Voltage Gain Sinking RL = 25 kΩ (Note 7) www.national.com 500 Sourcing 1000 Sinking 250 2 180 90 120 70 min 200 100 V/mV 160 80 min 100 50 V/mV 60 40 min (Continued) Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TA = TJ = 25˚C. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. V+ = 5V, V− = 0V, VCM = 1.5V, VO = V+/2, and RL > 1M unless otherwise specified. Symbol VO Parameter Output Swing Conditions V+ = 5V Typical LMC6044AI LMC6044I Units (Note 5) Limit Limit (Limit) (Note 6) (Note 6) 4.970 4.940 V 4.950 4.910 min 4.987 RL = 100 kΩ to 2.5V 0.004 V+ = 5V 4.980 RL = 25 kΩ to 2.5V 0.010 V+ = 15V 14.970 + RL = 100 kΩ to V /2 0.007 V+ = 15V 14.950 RL = 25 kΩ to V+/2 0.022 ISC Output Current Sourcing, VO = 0V 22 V+ = 5V ISC Output Current V max 4.920 4.870 V 4.870 4.820 min 0.080 0.130 V 0.130 0.180 max 14.920 14.880 V 14.880 14.820 min 0.030 0.060 V 0.050 0.090 max 14.900 14.850 V 14.850 14.800 min 0.100 0.150 V 0.150 0.200 max 16 13 mA 10 8 min 13 mA min 21 16 8 8 Sourcing, VO = 0V 40 15 15 mA 10 10 min 39 24 21 mA 8 8 min 40 65 75 µA 72 82 max Sinking, VO = 13V (Note 12) Supply Current 0.060 0.090 Sinking, VO = 5V V+ = 15V IS 0.030 0.050 Four Amplifiers VO = 1.5V Four Amplifiers 52 V+ = 15V 85 98 µA 94 107 max AC Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TA = TJ = 25˚C. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. V+ = 5V, V− = 0V, VCM = 1.5V, VO = V+/2, and RL > 1M unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter SR Slew Rate GBW Gain-Bandwidth Product φm Phase Margin en Conditions (Note 8) Typical LMC6044AI LMC6044I Units (Note 5) Limit Limit (Limit) (Note 6) (Note 6) 0.015 0.010 0.010 0.007 0.02 V/µs min 0.10 MHz 60 Deg Amp-to-Amp Isolation (Note 9) 115 dB Input-Referred F = 1 kHz 83 nV/√Hz F = 1 kHz 0.0002 pA/√Hz Voltage Noise in Input-Referred Current Noise 3 www.national.com LMC6044 Electrical Characteristics LMC6044 AC Electrical Characteristics (Continued) Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TA = TJ = 25˚C. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. V+ = 5V, V− = 0V, VCM = 1.5V, VO = V+/2, and RL > 1M unless otherwise specified. Symbol T.H.D. Parameter Conditions Total Harmonic F = 1 kHz, AV = −5 Distortion RL = 100 kΩ, VO = 2 Vpp Typical LMC6044AI LMC6044I Units (Note 5) Limit Limit (Limit) (Note 6) (Note 6) 0.01 % ± 5V Supply Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limts beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. Note 2: Applies to both single-supply and split-supply operation. Continuous short circuit operation at elevated ambient temperature can result in exceeding the maximum allowed junction temperature of 110˚C. Output currents in excess of ± 30 mA over long term may adversely affect reliability. Note 3: The maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) − TA)/θJA. Note 4: Human body model, 1.5 kΩ in series with 100 pF. Note 5: Typical Values represent the most likely parametric norm. Note 6: All limits are guaranteed at room temperature (standard type face) or at operating temperature extremes (bold face type). Note 7: V+ = 15V, VCM = 7.5V and RL connected to 7.5V. For Sourcing tests, 7.5V ≤ VO ≤ 11.5V. For Sinking tests, 2.5V ≤ VO ≤ 7.5V. Note 8: V+ = 15V. Connected as Voltage Follower with 10V step input. Number specified in the slower of the positive and negative slew rates. Note 9: Input referred V+ = 15V and RL = 100 kΩ connected to V+/2. Each amp excited in turn with 100 Hz to produce VO = 12 VPP. Note 10: For operating at elevated temperatures, the device must be derated based on the thermal resistance θJA with PD = (TJ − TA)/θJA. Note 11: All numbers apply for packages soldered directly into a PC poard. Note 12: Do not connect output to V+ when V+ is greater than 13V or reliability may be adversely affected. Typical Performance Characteristics VS = ± 7.5V, TA = 25˚C unless otherwise specified Offset Voltage vs Temperature of Five Representative Units Supply Current vs Supply Voltage 01113819 www.national.com 01113820 4 (Continued) Input Bias Current vs Input Common-Mode Voltage Input Bias Current vs Temperature 01113821 01113822 Input Common-Mode Voltage Range vs Temperature Output Characteristics Current Sinking 01113823 01113824 Output Characteristics Current Sourcing Output Characteristics vs Frequency 01113825 01113826 5 www.national.com LMC6044 Typical Performance Characteristics VS = ±7.5V, TA = 25˚C unless otherwise specified LMC6044 Typical Performance Characteristics VS = ±7.5V, TA = 25˚C unless otherwise specified Crosstalk Rejection vs Frequency CMRR vs Frequency 01113828 01113827 Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs Frequency CMRR vs Temperature 01113829 01113830 Open-Loop Voltage Gain vs Temperature Open-Loop Frequency Response 01113832 01113831 www.national.com (Continued) 6 Gain and Phase Responses vs Load Capacitance (Continued) Gain and Phase Responses vs Temperature 01113833 01113834 Common-Mode Error vs Common-Mode Voltage of Three Representative Units Gain Error (VOS vs VOUT) 01113836 01113835 Non-Inverting Slew Rate vs Temperature Inverting Slew Rate vs Temperature 01113837 01113838 7 www.national.com LMC6044 Typical Performance Characteristics VS = ±7.5V, TA = 25˚C unless otherwise specified LMC6044 Typical Performance Characteristics VS = ±7.5V, TA = 25˚C unless otherwise specified Non-Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response (AV = +1) Non-Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response 01113839 01113840 Inverting Large-Signal Pulse Response Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response 01113841 01113842 Stability vs Capacitive Load Stability vs Capacitive Load 01113843 www.national.com (Continued) 01113844 8 Direct capacitive loading will reduce the phase margin of many op-amps. A pole in the feedback loop is created by the combination of the op-amp’s output impedance and the capacitive load. This pole induces phase lag at the unity-gain crossover frequency of the amplifier resulting in either an oscillatory or underdamped pulse response. With a few external components, op amps can easily indirectly drive capacitive loads, as shown in Figure 2. AMPLIFIER TOPOLOGY The LMC6044 incorporates a novel op-amp design topology that enables it to maintain rail to rail output swing even when driving a large load. Instead of relying on a push-pull unity gain outupt buffer stage, the output stage is taken directly from the internal integrator, which provides both low output impedance and large gain. Special feed-forward compensation design techniques are incorporated to maintain stability over a wider range of operating conditions than traditional micropower op-amps. These features make the LMC6044 both easier to design with, and provide higher speed than products typically found in this ultra-low power class. COMPENSATING FOR INPUT CAPACITANCE It is quite common to use large values of feedback resistance with amplifiers with ultra-low input current, like the LMC6044. Although the LMC6044 is highly stable over a wide range of operating conditions, certain precautions must be met to achieve the desired pulse response when a large feedback resistor is used. Large feedback resistors and even small values of input capacitance, due to transducers, photodiodes, and circuits board parasitics, reduce phase margins. When high input impedance are demanded, guarding of the LMC6044 is suggested. Guarding input lines will not only reduce leakage, but lowers stray input capacitance as well. (See Printed-Circuit-Board Layout for High Impedance Work.) 01113806 FIGURE 2. LMC6044 Noninverting Gain of 10 Amplifier, Compensated to Handle Capacitive Loads In the circuit of Figure 2, R1 and C1 serve to counteract the loss of phase margin by feeding the high frequency component of the output signal back to the amplifier’s inverting input, thereby preserving phase margin in the overall feedback loop. Capacitive load driving capability is enhanced by using a pull up resistor to V+ (Figure 3). Typically, a pull up resistor conducting 10 µA or more will significantly improve capacitive load responses. The value of the pull up resistor must be determined based on the current sinking capability of the amplifier with respect to the desired output swing. Open loop gain of the amplifier can also be affected by the pull up resistor (see Electrical Characteristics). 01113805 FIGURE 1. Canceling the Effect of Input Capacitance The effect of input capacitance can be compensated for by adding a capacitor. Adding a capacitor, Cf, around the feedback resistor (as in Figure 1 ) such that: or 01113818 R1 CIN ≤ R2 Cf Since it is often difficult to know the exact value of CIN, Cf can be experimentally adjusted so that the desired pulse response is achieved. Refer to the LMC660 and the LMC662 for a more detailed discussion on compensating for input capacitance. FIGURE 3. Compensating for Large Capacitive Loads with a Pull Up Resistor PRINTED-CIRCUIT-BOARD LAYOUT FOR HIGH-IMPEDANCE WORK It is generally recognized that any circuit which must operate with less than 1000 pA of leakage current requires special layout of the PC board. When one wishes to take advantage 9 www.national.com LMC6044 CAPACITIVE LOAD TOLERANCE Application Hints LMC6044 Application Hints (Continued) of the ultra-low bias current of the LMC6044, typically less than 2 fA, it is essential to have an excellent layout. Fortunately, the techniques of obtaining low leakages are quite simple. First, the user must not ignore the surface leakage of the PC board, even though it may sometimes appear acceptably low, because under conditions of high humidity or dust or contamination, the surface leakage will be appreciable. 01113808 Inverting Amplifier 01113810 Non-Inverting Amplifier 01113807 FIGURE 4. Example of Guard Ring in P.C. Board Layout To minimize the effect of any surface leakage, lay out a ring of foil completely surrounding the LMC6044’s inputs and the terminals of capacitors, diodes, conductors, resistors, relay terminals, etc. connected to the op-amp’s inputs, as in Figure 4. To have a significant effect, guard rings should be placed on both the top and bottom of the PC board. This PC foil must then be connected to a voltage which is at the same voltage as the amplifer inputs, since no leakage current can flow between two points at the same potential. For example, a PC board trace-to-pad resistance of 1012Ω, which is normally considered a very large resistance, could leak 5 pA if the trace were a 5V bus adjacent to the pad of the input. This would cause a 100 times degradation from the LMC6044’s actual performance. However, if a guard ring is held within 5 mV of the inputs, then even a resistance of 1011Ω would cause only 0.05 pA of leakage current. See Figure 5 for typical connections of guard rings for standard op-amp configurations. www.national.com 01113809 Follower FIGURE 5. Typical Connections of Guard Rings The designer should be aware that when it is inappropriate to lay out a PC board for the sake of just a few circuits, there is another technique which is even better than a guard ring on a PC board: Don’t insert the amplifier’s input pin into the board at all, but bend it up in the air and use only air as an insulator. Air is an excellent insulator. In this case you may have to forego some of the advantages of PC board construction, but the advantages are sometimes well worth the effort of using point-to-point up-in-the-air wiring. See Figure 6. 10 (V+ = 5.0 VDC) FIGURE 6. Air Wiring A suggested design guideline is to minimize the difference of value between R1 through R4. This will often result in improved resistor tempco, amplifier gain, and CMRR over temperature. If RN = R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 then the gain equation can be simplified: The extremely high input impedance, and low power consumption, of the LMC6044 make it ideal for applications that require battery-powered instrumentation amplifiers. Examples of these type of applications are hand-held pH probes, analytic medical instruments, magnetic field detectors, gas detectors, and silicon based pressure transducers. The circuit in Figure 7 is recommended for applications where the common-mode input range is relatively low and the differential gain will be in the range of 10 to 1000. This two op-amp instrumentation amplifier features an independent adjustment of the gain and common-mode rejection trim, and a total quiescent supply current of less than 40 µA. Due to the “zero-in, zero-out” performance of the LMC6044, and output swing rail-rail, the dynamic range is only limited to the input common-mode range of 0V to VS–2.3V, worst case at room temperature. This feature of the LMC6044 makes it an ideal choice for low-power instrumentation systems. A complete instrumentation amplifier designed for a gain of 100 is shown in Figure 8. Provisions have been made for low sensitivity trimming of CMRR and gain. 01113811 (Input pins are lifted out of PC board and soldered directly to components. All other pins connected to PC board.) 01113812 FIGURE 7. Two Op-Amp Instrumentation Amplifier 11 www.national.com LMC6044 To maintain ultra-high input impedance, it is advisable to use ground rings and consider PC board layout an important part of the overall system design (see Printed-Circuit-Board Layout for High Impedance Work). Referring to Figure 7, the input voltages are represented as a common-mode input VCM plus a differential input VD. Rejection of the commonmode component of the input is accomplished by making the ratio of R1/R2 equal to R3/R4. So that where, Typical Single-Supply Applications LMC6044 Typical Single-Supply Applications (V+ = 5.0 VDC) (Continued) 01113813 FIGURE 8. Low-Power Two-Op-Amp Instrumentation Amplifier 01113814 FIGURE 9. Low-Leakage Sample-and-Hold 01113815 FIGURE 10. Instrumentation Amplifier www.national.com 12 LMC6044 Typical Single-Supply Applications (V+ = 5.0 VDC) (Continued) 01113817 FIGURE 12. AC Coupled Power Amplifier 01113816 FIGURE 11. 1 Hz Square-Wave Oscillator Ordering Information Temperature Range Package Industrial −40˚C to +85˚C 14-Pin LMC6044AIM, LMC6044AIMX Small Outline LMC6044IM, LMC6044IMX 14-Pin LMC6044AIN Molded DIP LMC6044IN NSC Drawing M14A Rail Tape and Reel N14A 13 Transport Media Rail www.national.com LMC6044 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 14-Pin Small Outline Order Package Number LMC6044AIM, LMC6044AIMX, LMC6044IM or LMC6044IMX NS Package Number M14A 14-Pin Molded DIP Order Package Number LMC6044AIN or LMC6044IN NS Package Number N14A www.national.com 14 LMC6044 CMOS Quad Micropower Operational Amplifier Notes National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. For the most current product information visit us at www.national.com. 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