LMC6044IM

LMC6044 www.ti.com SNOS612D – NOVEMBER 1994 – REVISED MARCH 2013 LMC6044 CMOS Quad Micropower Operational Amplifier Check for Samples: LMC6044 FEATURES APPLICATIONS 1 • • • • • 2 Low Supply Current: 10 μA/Amp (Typ) Operates from 4.5V to 15.5V Single Supply Ultra Low Input Current: 2 fA (Typ) Rail-to-Rail Output Swing Input Common-Mode Range Includes Ground • • • • • • • Battery Monitoring and Power Conditioning Photodiode and Infrared Detector Preamplifier Silicon Based Transducer Systems Hand-Held Analytic Instruments pH Probe Buffer Amplifier Fire and Smoke Detection Systems Charge Amplifier for Piezoelectric Transducers DESCRIPTION Ultra-low power consumption and low input-leakage current are the hallmarks of the LMC6044. Providing input currents of only 2 fA typical, the LMC6044 can operate from a single supply, has output swing extending to each supply rail, and an input voltage range that includes ground. The LMC6044 is ideal for use in systems requiring ultra-low power consumption. In addition, the insensitivity to latch-up, high output drive, and output swing to ground without requiring external pull-down resistors make it ideal for single-supply battery-powered systems. Other applications for the LMC6044 include bar code reader amplifiers, magnetic and electric field detectors, and hand-held electrometers. This device is built with National's advanced Double-Poly Silicon-Gate CMOS process. See the LMC6041 for a single, and the LMC6042 for a dual amplifier with these features. Connection Diagram 14-Pin PDIP/SOIC Instrumentation Amplifier These devices have limited built-in ESD protection. The leads should be shorted together or the device placed in conductive foam during storage or handling to prevent electrostatic damage to the MOS gates. 1 2 Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet. All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Products conform to specifications per the terms of the Texas Instruments standard warranty. Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Copyright © 1994–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated LMC6044 SNOS612D – NOVEMBER 1994 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) (2) Differential Input Voltage ±Supply Voltage Supply Voltage (V+ − V−) 16V Output Short Circuit to V+ See (3) Output Short Circuit to V− See (4) Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) 260°C Current at Input Pin ±5 mA Current at Output Pin ±18 mA Current at Power Supply Pin 35 mA Power Dissipation See (5) −65°C to +150°C Storage Temperature Range Junction Temperature (5) 110°C ESD Tolerance (6) 500V +0.3V, (V−) −0.3V Voltage at I/O Pin (V+) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limts beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is intended to be functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics. The guaranteed specifications apply only for the test conditions listed. If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the Texas Instruments Sales Office/Distributors for availability and specifications. Do not connect output to V+ when V+ is greater than 13V or reliability may be adversely affected. Applies to both single-supply and split-supply operation. Continuous short circuit operation at elevated ambient temperature can result in exceeding the maximum allowed junction temperature of 110°C. Output currents in excess of ±30 mA over long term may adversely affect reliability. The maximum power dissipation is a function of TJ(max), θJA, and TA. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is PD = (TJ(max) − TA)/θJA. Human body model, 1.5 kΩ in series with 100 pF. Operating Ratings Temperature Range Thermal Resistance (θJA) (1) LMC6044AI, LMC6044I Supply Voltage −40°C ≤ TJ ≤ +85°C 4.5V ≤ V+ ≤ 15.5V 14-Pin PDIP 85°C/W 14-Pin SOIC 115°C/W See (2) Power Dissipation (1) (2) 2 All numbers apply for packages soldered directly into a PC poard. For operating at elevated temperatures, the device must be derated based on the thermal resistance θJA with PD = (TJ − TA)/θJA. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1994–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6044 LMC6044 www.ti.com SNOS612D – NOVEMBER 1994 – REVISED MARCH 2013 Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TA = TJ = 25°C. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. V+ = 5V, V− = 0V, VCM = 1.5V, VO = V+/2, and RL > 1M unless otherwise specified. Symbol VOS Parameter Conditions Typical (1) 1 Input Offset Voltage LMC6044AI Limit (2) LMC6044I Limit (2) 3 6 mV 3.3 6.3 max TCVOS Input Offset Voltage Average Drift IB Input Bias Current 0.002 4 4 IOS Input Offset Current 0.001 2 2 RIN Input Resistance CMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio 0V ≤ VCM ≤ 12.0V V+ = 15V 75 Positive Power Supply Rejection Ratio 5V ≤ V+ ≤ 15V VO = 2.5V 75 Negative Power Supply Rejection Ratio 0V ≤ V− ≤ −10V VO = 2.5V 94 +PSRR −PSRR >10 V = 5V & 15V For CMRR ≥ 50 dB pA max TeraΩ 68 62 dB 66 60 min 68 62 dB 66 60 min 84 74 dB 83 73 min −0.4 −0.1 −0.1 V 0 0 max V+ − 1.9V V+ − 2.3V V+ − 2.3V V V+ − 2.5V V+ − 2.4V min 400 300 V/mV 300 200 min 180 90 V/mV 120 70 min 200 100 V/mV 160 80 min 250 100 50 V/mV 60 40 min 4.987 4.970 4.940 V 4.950 4.910 min 0.030 0.060 V 0.050 0.090 max 4.920 4.870 V 4.870 4.820 min 0.080 0.130 V 0.130 0.180 max 14.920 14.880 V 14.880 14.820 min 0.030 0.060 V 0.050 0.090 max 14.900 14.850 V 14.850 14.800 min 0.100 0.150 V 0.150 0.200 max + AV Sourcing RL = 100 kΩ (3) Sinking Large Signal Voltage Gain Sourcing RL = 25 kΩ (3) Sinking VO 1000 500 1000 + V = 5V RL = 100 kΩ to 2.5V 0.004 4.980 + V = 5V RL = 25 kΩ to 2.5V Output Swing 0.010 14.970 + V = 15V RL = 100 kΩ to V+/2 0.007 14.950 V+ = 15V RL = 25 kΩ to V+/2 (1) (2) (3) μV/°C 1.3 CMR Input Common-Mode Voltage Range Units (Limit) 0.022 Typical Values represent the most likely parametric norm. All limits are guaranteed at room temperature (standard type face) or at operating temperature extremes (bold face type). V+ = 15V, VCM = 7.5V and RL connected to 7.5V. For Sourcing tests, 7.5V ≤ VO ≤ 11.5V. For Sinking tests, 2.5V ≤ VO ≤ 7.5V. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1994–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6044 3 LMC6044 SNOS612D – NOVEMBER 1994 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com Electrical Characteristics (continued) Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TA = TJ = 25°C. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. V+ = 5V, V− = 0V, VCM = 1.5V, VO = V+/2, and RL > 1M unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter ISC Conditions Typical (1) LMC6044AI Limit (2) LMC6044I Limit (2) 22 16 13 mA 10 8 min 16 13 mA 8 8 min 15 15 mA 10 10 min 39 24 21 mA 8 8 min Four Amplifiers VO = 1.5V 40 65 75 μA 72 82 max Four Amplifiers V+ = 15V 52 Sourcing, VO = 0V Output Current V+ = 5V 21 Sinking, VO = 5V ISC 40 Sourcing, VO = 0V Output Current V+ = 15V IS Sinking, VO = 13V (4) Supply Current (4) Units (Limit) 85 98 μA 94 107 max Do not connect output to V+ when V+ is greater than 13V or reliability may be adversely affected. AC Electrical Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, all limits guaranteed for TA = TJ = 25°C. Boldface limits apply at the temperature extremes. V+ = 5V, V− = 0V, VCM = 1.5V, VO = V+/2, and RL > 1M unless otherwise specified. Symbol SR Parameter Slew Rate GBW Gain-Bandwidth Product φm Phase Margin Conditions See (3) Typical (1) LMC6044AI Limit (2) LMC6044I Limit (2) Units (Limit) 0.02 0.015 0.010 V/μs 0.010 0.007 min 0.10 MHz 60 Deg Amp-to-Amp Isolation See (4) 115 dB en Input-Referred Voltage Noise F = 1 kHz 83 nV/√Hz in Input-Referred Current Noise F = 1 kHz 0.0002 pA/√Hz Total Harmonic Distortion F = 1 kHz, AV = −5 RL = 100 kΩ, VO = 2 Vpp ±5V Supply 0.01 % T.H.D. (1) (2) (3) (4) 4 Typical Values represent the most likely parametric norm. All limits are guaranteed at room temperature (standard type face) or at operating temperature extremes (bold face type). V+ = 15V. Connected as Voltage Follower with 10V step input. Number specified in the slower of the positive and negative slew rates. Input referred V+ = 15V and RL = 100 kΩ connected to V+/2. Each amp excited in turn with 100 Hz to produce VO = 12 VPP. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1994–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6044 LMC6044 www.ti.com SNOS612D – NOVEMBER 1994 – REVISED MARCH 2013 Typical Performance Characteristics VS = ±7.5V, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified Supply Current vs Supply Voltage Offset Voltage vs Temperature of Five Representative Units Figure 1. Figure 2. Input Bias Current vs Temperature Input Bias Current vs Input Common-Mode Voltage Figure 3. Figure 4. Input Common-Mode Voltage Range vs Temperature Output Characteristics Current Sinking Figure 5. Figure 6. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1994–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6044 5 LMC6044 SNOS612D – NOVEMBER 1994 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) VS = ±7.5V, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified 6 Output Characteristics Current Sourcing Output Characteristics vs Frequency Figure 7. Figure 8. Crosstalk Rejection vs Frequency CMRR vs Frequency Figure 9. Figure 10. CMRR vs Temperature Power Supply Rejection Ratio vs Frequency Figure 11. Figure 12. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1994–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6044 LMC6044 www.ti.com SNOS612D – NOVEMBER 1994 – REVISED MARCH 2013 Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) VS = ±7.5V, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified Open-Loop Voltage Gain vs Temperature Open-Loop Frequency Response Figure 13. Figure 14. Gain and Phase Responses vs Load Capacitance Gain and Phase Responses vs Temperature Figure 15. Figure 16. Gain Error (VOS vs VOUT) Common-Mode Error vs Common-Mode Voltage of Three Representative Units Figure 17. Figure 18. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1994–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6044 7 LMC6044 SNOS612D – NOVEMBER 1994 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) VS = ±7.5V, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified 8 Non-Inverting Slew Rate vs Temperature Inverting Slew Rate vs Temperature Figure 19. Figure 20. Non-Inverting Large Signal Pulse Response (AV = +1) Non-Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response Figure 21. Figure 22. Inverting Large-Signal Pulse Response Inverting Small Signal Pulse Response Figure 23. Figure 24. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1994–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6044 LMC6044 www.ti.com SNOS612D – NOVEMBER 1994 – REVISED MARCH 2013 Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) VS = ±7.5V, TA = 25°C unless otherwise specified Stability vs Capacitive Load Stability vs Capacitive Load Figure 25. Figure 26. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1994–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6044 9 LMC6044 SNOS612D – NOVEMBER 1994 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com APPLICATION HINTS AMPLIFIER TOPOLOGY The LMC6044 incorporates a novel op-amp design topology that enables it to maintain rail to rail output swing even when driving a large load. Instead of relying on a push-pull unity gain outupt buffer stage, the output stage is taken directly from the internal integrator, which provides both low output impedance and large gain. Special feed-forward compensation design techniques are incorporated to maintain stability over a wider range of operating conditions than traditional micropower op-amps. These features make the LMC6044 both easier to design with, and provide higher speed than products typically found in this ultra-low power class. COMPENSATING FOR INPUT CAPACITANCE It is quite common to use large values of feedback resistance with amplifiers with ultra-low input current, like the LMC6044. Although the LMC6044 is highly stable over a wide range of operating conditions, certain precautions must be met to achieve the desired pulse response when a large feedback resistor is used. Large feedback resistors and even small values of input capacitance, due to transducers, photodiodes, and circuits board parasitics, reduce phase margins. When high input impedance are demanded, guarding of the LMC6044 is suggested. Guarding input lines will not only reduce leakage, but lowers stray input capacitance as well. (See PRINTED-CIRCUIT-BOARD LAYOUT FOR HIGH-IMPEDANCE WORK.) Figure 27. Canceling the Effect of Input Capacitance The effect of input capacitance can be compensated for by adding a capacitor. Adding a capacitor, Cf, around the feedback resistor (as in Figure 27) such that: (1) or R1 CIN ≤ R2 Cf (2) Since it is often difficult to know the exact value of CIN, Cf can be experimentally adjusted so that the desired pulse response is achieved. Refer to the LMC660 and the LMC662 for a more detailed discussion on compensating for input capacitance. CAPACITIVE LOAD TOLERANCE Direct capacitive loading will reduce the phase margin of many op-amps. A pole in the feedback loop is created by the combination of the op-amp's output impedance and the capacitive load. This pole induces phase lag at the unity-gain crossover frequency of the amplifier resulting in either an oscillatory or underdamped pulse response. With a few external components, op amps can easily indirectly drive capacitive loads, as shown in Figure 28. 10 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1994–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6044 LMC6044 www.ti.com SNOS612D – NOVEMBER 1994 – REVISED MARCH 2013 Figure 28. LMC6044 Noninverting Gain of 10 Amplifier, Compensated to Handle Capacitive Loads In the circuit of Figure 28, R1 and C1 serve to counteract the loss of phase margin by feeding the high frequency component of the output signal back to the amplifier's inverting input, thereby preserving phase margin in the overall feedback loop. Capacitive load driving capability is enhanced by using a pull up resistor to V+ (Figure 29). Typically, a pull up resistor conducting 10 μA or more will significantly improve capacitive load responses. The value of the pull up resistor must be determined based on the current sinking capability of the amplifier with respect to the desired output swing. Open loop gain of the amplifier can also be affected by the pull up resistor (see Electrical Characteristics). Figure 29. Compensating for Large Capacitive Loads with a Pull Up Resistor PRINTED-CIRCUIT-BOARD LAYOUT FOR HIGH-IMPEDANCE WORK It is generally recognized that any circuit which must operate with less than 1000 pA of leakage current requires special layout of the PC board. When one wishes to take advantage of the ultra-low bias current of the LMC6044, typically less than 2 fA, it is essential to have an excellent layout. Fortunately, the techniques of obtaining low leakages are quite simple. First, the user must not ignore the surface leakage of the PC board, even though it may sometimes appear acceptably low, because under conditions of high humidity or dust or contamination, the surface leakage will be appreciable. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1994–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6044 11 LMC6044 SNOS612D – NOVEMBER 1994 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com Figure 30. Example of Guard Ring in P.C. Board Layout To minimize the effect of any surface leakage, lay out a ring of foil completely surrounding the LMC6044's inputs and the terminals of capacitors, diodes, conductors, resistors, relay terminals, etc. connected to the op-amp's inputs, as in Figure 30. To have a significant effect, guard rings should be placed on both the top and bottom of the PC board. This PC foil must then be connected to a voltage which is at the same voltage as the amplifer inputs, since no leakage current can flow between two points at the same potential. For example, a PC board trace-to-pad resistance of 1012Ω, which is normally considered a very large resistance, could leak 5 pA if the trace were a 5V bus adjacent to the pad of the input. This would cause a 100 times degradation from the LMC6044's actual performance. However, if a guard ring is held within 5 mV of the inputs, then even a resistance of 1011Ω would cause only 0.05 pA of leakage current. See Figure 33 for typical connections of guard rings for standard op-amp configurations. Figure 31. Inverting Amplifier Typical Connections of Guard Rings Figure 32. Non-Inverting Amplifier Typical Connections of Guard Rings Figure 33. Follower Typical Connections of Guard Rings 12 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1994–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6044 LMC6044 www.ti.com SNOS612D – NOVEMBER 1994 – REVISED MARCH 2013 The designer should be aware that when it is inappropriate to lay out a PC board for the sake of just a few circuits, there is another technique which is even better than a guard ring on a PC board: Don't insert the amplifier's input pin into the board at all, but bend it up in the air and use only air as an insulator. Air is an excellent insulator. In this case you may have to forego some of the advantages of PC board construction, but the advantages are sometimes well worth the effort of using point-to-point up-in-the-air wiring. See Figure 34. Typical Single-Supply Applications (V+ = 5.0 VDC) (Input pins are lifted out of PC board and soldered directly to components. All other pins connected to PC board.) Figure 34. Air Wiring The extremely high input impedance, and low power consumption, of the LMC6044 make it ideal for applications that require battery-powered instrumentation amplifiers. Examples of these type of applications are hand-held pH probes, analytic medical instruments, magnetic field detectors, gas detectors, and silicon based pressure transducers. The circuit in Figure 35 is recommended for applications where the common-mode input range is relatively low and the differential gain will be in the range of 10 to 1000. This two op-amp instrumentation amplifier features an independent adjustment of the gain and common-mode rejection trim, and a total quiescent supply current of less than 40 μA. To maintain ultra-high input impedance, it is advisable to use ground rings and consider PC board layout an important part of the overall system design (see PRINTED-CIRCUIT-BOARD LAYOUT FOR HIGHIMPEDANCE WORK). Referring to Figure 35, the input voltages are represented as a common-mode input VCM plus a differential input VD. Rejection of the common-mode component of the input is accomplished by making the ratio of R1/R2 equal to R3/R4. So that where, (3) A suggested design guideline is to minimize the difference of value between R1 through R4. This will often result in improved resistor tempco, amplifier gain, and CMRR over temperature. If RN = R1 = R2 = R3 = R4 then the gain equation can be simplified: (4) Due to the “zero-in, zero-out” performance of the LMC6044, and output swing rail-rail, the dynamic range is only limited to the input common-mode range of 0V to VS–2.3V, worst case at room temperature. This feature of the LMC6044 makes it an ideal choice for low-power instrumentation systems. A complete instrumentation amplifier designed for a gain of 100 is shown in Figure 36. Provisions have been made for low sensitivity trimming of CMRR and gain. Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1994–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6044 13 LMC6044 SNOS612D – NOVEMBER 1994 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com (V+ = 5.0 VDC) Figure 35. Two Op-Amp Instrumentation Amplifier Figure 36. Low-Power Two-Op-Amp Instrumentation Amplifier Figure 37. Low-Leakage Sample-and-Hold Figure 38. Instrumentation Amplifier 14 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1994–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6044 LMC6044 www.ti.com SNOS612D – NOVEMBER 1994 – REVISED MARCH 2013 (V+ = 5.0 VDC) Figure 39. 1 Hz Square-Wave Oscillator Figure 40. AC Coupled Power Amplifier Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1994–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6044 15 LMC6044 SNOS612D – NOVEMBER 1994 – REVISED MARCH 2013 www.ti.com REVISION HISTORY Changes from Revision C (March 2013) to Revision D • 16 Page Changed layout of National Data Sheet to TI format .......................................................................................................... 15 Submit Documentation Feedback Copyright © 1994–2013, Texas Instruments Incorporated Product Folder Links: LMC6044 PACKAGE OPTION ADDENDUM www.ti.com 8-Dec-2022 PACKAGING INFORMATION Orderable Device Status (1) Package Type Package Pins Package Drawing Qty Eco Plan (2) Lead finish/ Ball material MSL Peak Temp Op Temp (°C) Device Marking (3) Samples (4/5) (6) LMC6044-MDC ACTIVE DIESALE Y 0 100 RoHS & Green Call TI Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 85 LMC6044AIM NRND SOIC D 14 55 Non-RoHS & Green Call TI Level-1-235C-UNLIM -40 to 85 LMC6044 AIM LMC6044AIM/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 14 55 RoHS & Green SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 LMC6044 AIM Samples LMC6044AIMX/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 14 2500 RoHS & Green SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 LMC6044 AIM Samples LMC6044IM/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 14 55 RoHS & Green SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 LMC6044IM Samples LMC6044IMX/NOPB ACTIVE SOIC D 14 2500 RoHS & Green SN Level-1-260C-UNLIM -40 to 85 LMC6044IM Samples LMC6044IN/NOPB ACTIVE PDIP N 14 25 RoHS & Green NIPDAU Level-1-NA-UNLIM -40 to 85 LMC6044IN Samples Samples (1) The marketing status values are defined as follows: ACTIVE: Product device recommended for new designs. LIFEBUY: TI has announced that the device will be discontinued, and a lifetime-buy period is in effect. NRND: Not recommended for new designs. Device is in production to support existing customers, but TI does not recommend using this part in a new design. PREVIEW: Device has been announced but is not in production. Samples may or may not be available. OBSOLETE: TI has discontinued the production of the device. (2) RoHS: TI defines "RoHS" to mean semiconductor products that are compliant with the current EU RoHS requirements for all 10 RoHS substances, including the requirement that RoHS substance do not exceed 0.1% by weight in homogeneous materials. Where designed to be soldered at high temperatures, "RoHS" products are suitable for use in specified lead-free processes. TI may reference these types of products as "Pb-Free". RoHS Exempt: TI defines "RoHS Exempt" to mean products that contain lead but are compliant with EU RoHS pursuant to a specific EU RoHS exemption. Green: TI defines "Green" to mean the content of Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) based flame retardants meet JS709B low halogen requirements of